tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15387801577890123752023-11-15T08:53:50.361-08:00What to write a research paper onInge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.comBlogger62125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-77383384358911993682020-09-02T11:41:00.001-07:002020-09-02T11:41:05.597-07:00Postmodern Art and Graffiti Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 wordsPostmodern Art and Graffiti - Essay Example The exposition Postmodern Art and Graffiti examines postmodern craftsmanship and spray painting as a development. Numerous pundits accepted that postmodern workmanship rose out of current craftsmanship. One of the trademark highlights of postmodern workmanship is that it utilizes High and Low Cultures through mainstream society symbolism and modern material. Basically, post present day workmanship can be characterized as one that rejects modernismââ¬â¢s masterful course and disposes of the cutoff points among high and low types of craftsmanship, and an uncontrollable genreââ¬â¢s get-together with discontinuity, arrangement, and show. Postmodern craftsmanship is additionally portrayed as being suspended and parody, as opposed to being unconstrained and direct. Basic development that prompted and I affected postmodern craftsmanship advanced around World War I and its result. A wide range of developments and fine arts appeared during the postmodern time. A portion of these incorpo rate Neo-Expressionism, Surrealism, Briart, Fluxus, and so forth. A portion of the developments that were a piece of the postmodern time were New Classicism, Conceptual Art, Lowbrow Art, Installation Art, and so forth. In 1980ââ¬â¢s work of art was rediscovered in current workmanship. It was a response to the uninteresting reasonable workmanship developments. In 80ââ¬â¢s shower paint jars were utilized to communicate the solid wish for uniqueness. Inner selves were included and craftsmen thought everything was conceivable. At the hour of Martin Luther King, March in 1960ââ¬â¢s the Graffiti Art Movement had appeared and after his homicide in 1968 adolescents began to shell the trains with their signatures. Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-40966111463910694752020-08-22T15:34:00.001-07:002020-08-22T15:34:04.213-07:00Recession in British Car Industry Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 wordsDownturn in British Car Industry - Case Study Example He additionally said that we have to contend against this to keep away from an irremediable loss of limit, aptitudes and innovation. (Abbiss,2007). Pundits inside the vehicle business call attention to protect bundle that occupations gave by stake are not up to the norm. Another explanation of British vehicle industry downturn is those laborers who work for businesses either selling or adjusting vehicles as opposed to assembling them. Because of downturn mechanical relations condition that has changed as well as improving step by step. In the past vehicles like Morris Marina Ital and the repulsive Austin Allegro were the awful and stunning vehicles as far as plan and development. Sometime in the past vehicle industry had 40 percent of British vehicle advertise that incorporate vehicle, truck and business vehicles producers. The gathering had a confounded however unmistakable range like Jaguar, Rover and Land Rover and smash hit Mini, these models were delayed to grow so they can rival the global vehicle showcase. Before the worldwide economy downturn British vehicles were sent out in immense numbers. Not many British vehicle producers are presently prepared to guarantee that these makers ought not be supported by government on the way that a large portion of the British vehicle industry is in remote hands, and now British vehicle industry is its very own survivor effectiveness. In the start of the year factor... prepared to guarantee that these producers ought not be supported by government on the way that the vast majority of the British vehicle industry is in remote hands, and now British vehicle industry is its very own survivor effectiveness. In the start of the year processing plants from Sunderland to Swindon were giving out vehicles at a stunning rate. Be that as it may, gradually and bit by bit there was not really anybody to get them and the vehicle business had quantities of unsold vehicles because of the downturn (BBC, 2009). Vehicle producers attempted their best to pull in their client through their businesses yet they neglected to accomplish their objective as nobody exploited this, and now number of vehicles stayed unsold. Thus processing plant shutdowns expanded in the nation and the defeat of industry began. Be that as it may, Nissan spared Sunderland after boat building industry clasped, yet not others. The impact of downturn on vehicle industry is so much that it's creation has fell hugely down from 47.5% to 58.7%(vehicles of private use) and from 56.7% to 59.9%(vehicles of business use).Therefore to keep away from any further misfortune the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders(SMMT) chose to shutdown Ford Aston Martin and Vauxhall for a brief timeframe while Toyota is additionally thinking to delay it's creation. SMMT likewise requested for a help of 2.3billion pound by the administration. This choice was taken on twentieth February 2009 (Hart, 2008). At that point Chief official of Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders(SMMT) Paul Everitt said that decrease in vehicle industry and it's creation and the shutdowns of the business has demonstrated that it is difficult to get by without the help of government. The impacts of downturn on vehicle industry has reach to a basic stage, and because of this activity chop down has been begun for a Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-7365280018921959442020-08-21T13:15:00.001-07:002020-08-21T13:15:26.448-07:00Legal Aspects of Health CareIn deciding the risk of the gatherings, it is fundamental that coming up next be first settled by the inquirer: an) obligation; b) penetrate of obligation; c) causation; d) injury. (ââ¬Å"Tortâ⬠p. 1) It is evident that once a patient enters the premises of the emergency clinic, a suggested agreement is consequently made and the medical clinic is under commitment to take care of the requirements of the patient with due consideration and constancy. This obligation was anyway penetrated when the emergency clinic workers neglected to give quick regard for the patientââ¬â¢s needs in spite of the earnestness and promptness of the circumstance. It is additionally evident that the deferral of over one hour from the time the patient was admitted to the clinic in spite of the finding that the patient expected to experience quick medical procedure is a break of that obligation of care. There is likewise a proximate reason between the break and the injury endured by the patient, which is fractional loss of motion of his hands. The inquiry left to be resolved is who is answerable for the harm endured. For this situation, the medical caretaker submitted a break of her obligation of care and was careless. Rather than concentrating on the patient, the medical attendant chose to initially decide whether the patient is secured by protection. The specialist additionally dedicated a break of his obligation of care and due industriousness to quiet. The clinical calling is established on the obligation of due persistence which specialists owe to their patients. For this situation, notwithstanding the finding of the requirement for sure fire medical procedure the specialist simply continued to his way without alluding the patient to different specialists who are on the job and who are not on break. The x-beam technologist was moreover careless when he neglected to convey the x-beams to the radiologist for assessment in spite of the earnestness of the circumstance. The way that there are different patients in the clinic isn't a reason since each emergency clinic is legally necessary to have a sufficient number of clinical work force to take care of the requirements of every one of its patients. Finding that the medical clinic representatives are careless, the City General Hospital itself can't get away from its obligation. Emergency clinics can no longer get away from their risk under the principle of magnanimous insusceptibility. Karen A. Senior member, 1999 p. 1) Under the principle of resondeat predominant, the carelessness of its workers is attributed to them since they are the ones who have control and oversight of their representatives. The way that the medical clinic isn't careless isn't a resistance insofar as it tends to be demonstrated that its representatives were careless. Further the ongoing pattern in the new cases is that it is not, at this point a guard that there is no business representative connection between the doctor or the x-beam expert or the medical attendant to get away from its obligation (Gene A. Blumenreich p. ) The insusceptibility from risk of medical clinics is being limited by the ongoing cases. The 1992 instance of Uhr versus Lutheran General Hospital (226 Ill. Application. 3d 236, 589 N. E. 2d 723) affirms that a medical clinic might be held at risk for the careless demonstrations of a self employed entity. Consider additionally the 1993 instance of Gilbert v. Sycamore Community Hospital where the Illinois Supreme Court annulled the precedent-based law insusceptibility of medical clinics for Independent Contractor carelessness (156 Ill. 2d 511, 622 N. E. 2d 788) Ib. Indeed. The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) applies for this situation. The law forces upon clinics the commitment to give clinical screening assessment to decide if a crisis ailment exists. This clinical screening assessment must be led paying little mind to the Medicare status, protection inclusion or the capacity to pay of the patient. (Daris McNelice p. 1) The inability to release this commitment renders the medical clinic at risk for common harms to the injury that the patient may endure. For this situation, the medical caretaker who went to the patient when he showed up for treatment didn't promptly direct clinical screening assessment to decide the patientââ¬â¢s condition. The demonstration of the medical attendant in furnishing the patient with a towel was far shy of the commitment legally necessary. Rather the medical caretaker made a request whether the patient is secured by protection. In spite of the fact that the law doesn't deny the clinic from inquisitive into the capacity to pay of the patient, it requires that this request ought not postpone the direct of the clinical screening assessment. The motivation behind the law is clear which is to ensure against victimization patients. This was abused for this situation. The patient was fortunate that he chanced upon a specialist who discovered that he is in a genuine ailment. In spite of this be that as it may, the clinic despite everything neglected to give legitimate clinical regard for the patient notwithstanding the finding that a crisis ailment exists. In view of the hospitalââ¬â¢s inability to conform to the arrangements of the said law it might be held obligated for harms. 2. The risk for carelessness of the medical caretaker, specialist and the x-beam technologist is particular and independent. Their obligation is autonomous of one another. It's anything but a barrier in tort cases that the carelessness of one is better than another. The main deciding point is that there was a break of obligation submitted by these emergency clinic representatives and that this penetrate was the proximate reason for the injury of the patient. In that capacity, the patient who was harmed may hold them subject together with the emergency clinic in one suit. Be that as it may, usually the patients just record suit for harms against the medical clinic. In the event that he can recuperate, the emergency clinic has the alternative of documenting claims against these careless workers who are solidarily at risk for their carelessness to the medical clinic. Lawful Aspects of Health Care These days, most human services associations are well furnished with guidelines and laws worried in the arrangement of social insurance oversight and the executives. However, numerous social insurance associations face legitimate issues in regards to their direct particularly concerning patientsââ¬â¢ rights, institutional lawful obligation, restricting trust and relationship with the workers. The article entitled Traditional Theories of Liability specified four hypotheses of obligation managing the patients concerns.These speculations of risk are as per the following: Negligence (or Direct Liability) for Injuries Caused by Cost Containment Measures talks about that human services association can be considered liable for the carelessness submitted that can make impedance the patient under their watch. In straightforward terms, carelessness is a thoughtless demonstration of the medicinal services supplier towards a patient. A social insurance supplier is held obligated for a careles s demonstration as per Tiwari and Baldwa if ââ¬Å"the harm is evident to such an extent that there is no requirement for any confirmation of carelessness like working on an inappropriate piece of the body of the patient or undertaking an off-base procedure of working (Tiwari and Baldwa, 2001).â⬠The Corporate Negligence Doctrine worries on the duty of the medical clinic itself to give human services to its patient. As expressed by Randall, ââ¬Å"Corporation carelessness will hold an association at risk for the imprudent presentation of a supplier when the association was careless in recruiting or administering the supplier itself (Randall, 1999) .ââ¬Å"Respondeat Superior Doctrine, as brought up by Randall, ââ¬Å" the business is considered liable for the careless demonstrations of a representative supplier despite the fact that the business itself has not acted carelessly (Randall, 1999).â⬠The business (emergency clinic itself) is held at risk for the reckless demonst ration dispensed by an autonomous contractor.According to Randall, ââ¬Å"Ostensible office obligation is a sort of unequivocal obligation wherein a medicinal services association can be secured at risk for a social insurance supplier's carelessness (Randall, 1999).â⬠A situation where in the carelessness of the specialists and other clinical suppliers were submitted was the situation of Darryl Dukes versus U.S. Medicinal services, Inc., Germantown Hospital and Medical Center; William W. Banks, M.D; Charles R. Drew Mental Health Center; Edward B. Hosten, M.D. Darryl Dukes, having an ear issue, counseled his doctor, William W. Banks.As expressed working on it gave by FindLaw,â⬠Darryl experienced a medical procedure and Banks composed a suggestion requesting blood contemplates. Darryl gave that clinical proposal to the research center of Germantown Hospital and Medical Center yet the emergency clinic declined to complete the tests. The emergency clinic didn't give any clarif ication to their negative reaction (ââ¬Å"D.C. Common Action No. 93-cv-00577â⬠, 2006).â⬠After that, Dukes looked for a second feeling from Dr. Edward B. Hosten, M.D who additionally requested that he experience a blood test. Dukes ailment deteriorated and he kicked the bucket. It was expressed by the article gave by the FindLaw that ââ¬Å"Darryl's glucose level was extremely high. That condition purportedly could have been identified through an all around coordinated blood test(ââ¬Å"D.C. Common Action No. 93-cv-00577â⬠, 2006).â⬠The case, managing more on the carelessness of the clinical supplier, had experienced a long and basic procedure. As cleared by the case, ââ¬Å"Dukesââ¬â¢ family documented a suit against association through which Darryl, being an individual from Health Maintenance Organization, acknowledged his clinical treatment. The HMO is viewed as liable for the improper lead of specialists and other human services à providers which is under the conversation of apparent hypothesis (ââ¬Å"D.C. Common Action No. 93-cv-00577â⬠, 2006).â⬠The case was excused and the court conceded the HMOââ¬â¢s movement in light of the fact that as indicated by the announcement on the article (FindLaw), ââ¬Å"any apparent organization guarantee should be made based on what the help course of action gives and is thusly related to it(ââ¬Å"D.C. Common Action No. 93-cv-00577â⬠, 2006)â⬠ReferencesDukes v. US Health Care Sys., Inc. , 848 F. Supp. 39, 42 (E.D. Dad. 1994) (UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 2006).Randall, V. R. ( 1999). Tra Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-11301593032860148722020-05-27T20:50:00.001-07:002020-05-27T20:50:03.131-07:00Domenico Del Barbiere High Renaissance Sculpture - Free Essay Example During this time the city of Florence was experiencing commerce within its merchant people. There was a presence of politics and governing, the city was prosperous which tells us the government was not as shaky compared to other cities. During the mid 1500, when this print was made it was a time of High Renaissance. The church was covering its ceilings and walls with marvelous frescoes and sculptures by popular artist such as Michaelangelo and other greats. The church and political governors commission much of the art in this city and the study of the human anatomy was at itrs peak in order to reach the perfection of the religious figures after being influenced by Italian Reanaissance. We still find classical iconography in many of the pieces, for example Michaelangelors David. Florence exalted this sculpture because it was their victory trophy after beating their own goliath the Duke of Milan. Domenico del Barbiere was a well known engraver and sculpture during the High Renaissance. He also went by the name of Dominique Florentin and was born in the city of Florence in 1506 but built his career in Troyes, France, as a sculpture where he was influenced by Andrea Sansovino. Then he joined Italian artists in Fontainebleau. Where he was influenced greatly by Italian Renaissance style where he worked on frescoes and stucco-work. He became aware of a mannerism and even showed a little in some of his art works. It is also noted that he was aware of Michaelangelors contrapposto style because we can see it in this engraving. No other word can describe this print to me other than Humanist. Here we see the Barnierers mastering of the human body engraved. This engraving is black and white used for printing and is a piece during the High Renaissance. It pictures four bodies, the two on the left are the same person in itrs skeletal form and muscular form. The same goes for the man on the right looking to its right at the other two bodies. The only difference between their muscular forms and the skeleton belonging to them is the position of the legs and the curves of the core of their bodies. Which brings me to the contrapposto in which we find the figures in, which shows a classical style. Barbiere engraved by using a cutting tool made out of steele called burin to make grooves in the flat surface. There were many different sizes and shapes at the ends to create different types of cuts. For the darker lining we see in this piece Barbiere may have used one that is wider and for the thinner lines found in the muscles he used sizes thinner than needles. The amount of patience in engraving every line one by one while knowing what sections need to have more cuts to define and bring volume to each muscle and bone requires a mastery of technique in handling these tools. We find some symbolism here as well with the curtain covering the war instruments and materials cluttered on the floor representing the ambition for war. I think that this gives a negative view of the war to the viewers because he is trying to cover it up. We can cover up the deaths but we remain even more transparent like these skeletons do. Another view point is saying we are losing our humanism and in this case, the flesh, by contributing to these acts of war. Another symbol found is the laurel wreath the muscular body on the left wears on his head. This references Julius Caesar and the interest in gaining knowledge from literature during this time. This could also be referencing a poet. The engraving leaves the viewer with an aesthetic idea about the human body and yearn for scientific knowledge that is accurate. If you compare their knowledge of the human body to todays it looks exactly the same. Even though they didnt have the technological advances we do now to see if this is really how our skeletal and muscular system looks like people had perfected the human anatomy form. This artwork also gives us history of what was going on during these times. The war over territories and the knowledge people were interested in learning about, in this case itrs literature and science. Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-57043796245868474042020-05-16T10:06:00.001-07:002020-05-16T10:06:10.412-07:00Essay on Cultural and Racial Stereotyping - 1439 Words Most people find stereotypes to be obnoxious, especially when they have to do with sensitive subjects like gender or race. ââ¬Å"Stereotyping is a generalization about a group or category of people that can have a powerful influence on how we perceive others and their communication behaviorsâ⬠(Floyd, 61). Because they underestimate the differences among individuals in a group, stereotyping can lead to inaccurate and offensive perceptions of other people. Although stereotypes are prevalent in almost every society, becoming aware of our perceptions of others, as well as differentiating between both positive and negative stereotypes can help us overcome those stereotypes. ââ¬Å"Stereotyping is a three-part processâ⬠(Floyd, 61). In the first stage, weâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦. As people grow older and realize their racial, religious, and cultural groups, they tend to differentiate themselves from other groups. The main reason we develop stereotypes is because it is just human nature for us to categorize people. Stereotypes are a way to simplify groups of people and establish identities, especially when one doesnââ¬â¢t know much about the group (ââ¬Å"Overcoming Stereotypesâ⬠). Although prejudice and stereotype seem similar, they actually have two different meanings. While stereotyping involves the generalization of a group of people, prejudice involves negative feelings when ââ¬Å"theyâ⬠are in the presence of or even think about members of the group. ââ¬Å"Prejudice comes from direct intergroup conflict, social learning, social categorization and other cognitive sourcesâ⬠(Ferguson). Not all stereotypes are negative; there are also positive and neutral stereotypes. Some stereotypes do not slander a race, culture, gender, or religion, but nonetheless generalize a group of people that may or may not be true. For example, some people say that all Asians are smart or good at math. Though people of Asian descent may often be more studious, not all Asians do equally well in school (Floyd, 62). Another common example of a positive stereotype is that all black people are good athletes, dancers, and singers. Though these are positive stereotypes, when people believe them, they donââ¬â¢t take into account that every person is an individual and different. A neutral stereotypeShow MoreRelatedVulnerable Population - Hispanic Children Essay1593 Words à |à 7 PagesHispanic children experience multiple disparities in health status, insurance coverage, barriers to healthcare access and the quality of health care received. There have been multiple studies that have researched racial/ethnic disparities among adults, however few studies have examined the racial/ethnic disparities in the health care of children. The United States is experiencing a demographic surge in minority children, particularly among the youngest age groups. Estimates indicate that, by 2030, thereRead MoreRacism And Prejudice By Robert Heilbroner982 Words à |à 4 PagesEveryone in the world is familiar with racism and stereotyping, but many individuals may feel indifferent about those topics and do not wish to speak about them. Robert Heilbroner, the author of à ¢â¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t Let Stereotypes Warp Your Judgementsâ⬠states that ââ¬Å"Stereotypes are a kind of gossip about the world, a gossip that makes us pre-judge people before we ever lay eyes on themâ⬠(200). 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The development of the science of ââ¬Ëraceââ¬â¢ is regarded within the main literatures to have emerged during the late eighteenth and nineteenth century (Gouldburg, 1990). People where trying to explain human differences and development, which gave way for a verity of racial classifications and racial stereotypes (Gouldburg, 1990), Gouldburg (1990: 266) statesRead MoreComparison of Turkeys in the Kitchen and You Just Walk on By Essays1640 Words à |à 7 Pagestheme of gender, and racial stereotypes that have been present in our world from the very beginning. Barry suggests through a sarcastic and humors tone that gender stereotypes have been present since before the start of time; he uses a highly conversational style to prove this, as well as narrates to give the reader a better understanding of exactly what heââ¬â¢s talking about. Staples, on the other hand, uses a more authoritative tone to support his theme of racial stereotyping; he also uses the modeRead MoreEssay on Is Stereotyping Inevitable?1740 Words à |à 7 PagesPrejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping are important topics at the cause of debating within social psychology. A stereotype is a generalization about a group of people, in which certain traits cling to all members, regardless of actual individual variation (Akert, Aronson, Wilson, 2010). As humans, people assign objects and individuals into categories to organize the environment. Individuals do this for not only organization, but also survival. Is stereotyping inevitable? That is the question;Read MoreMass Medias Effects on Sterotyping992 Words à |à 4 PagesSince racial stereotyping in the media serves to justify, emphasize, and perpetuate antagonistic and munificent racism, there is need for focused study efforts on practical strategies to challenge and ultimately eradicate stereotypes. 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Stereotypes, whether racial, gender-based, religion-based, age-based, etc., continually permeate our society because it is difficult to undermine the psychological aspects of stereotyping, because of the media, and because itââ¬â¢s easier for people to cope with certain situations when they can generalize a group of people. The process of stereotyping a person is a cognitive, psychological process. People are given certain information andRead MoreCultural Background Of Hispanic Ethnicity1313 Words à |à 6 Pagesmade their presence felt in various fields of human endeavor in the United States. Whether it is their involvement in politics, corporate management or even sports, Hispanics have showed that they have what it takes to perform at par with any other racial group. When it comes to the involvement of a particular minority in any activity there are bound to be certain issues. This paper will explore the themes of sporting identities to analyze the experiences of Latino males in sport. An attempt will be Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-69101796406570262022020-05-06T17:45:00.001-07:002020-05-06T17:45:27.063-07:00The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Decision - 2316 Words The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Decision: The Role of the Healthcare Provider The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Decision: The Role of the Healthcare Provider Thesis statement: Healthcare providers should educate the parents of 11-12 year old boys and girls about human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the HPV vaccine because HPV infection is prevalent and the chance of an adolescent being infected is high, persistent infection with the high-risk types 16 and 18 can cause serious health problems, and in order to assure effectiveness, the vaccine must be administered prior to contact with the virus. Introduction: Though it had been suspected for some time, in 1999 research concluded that virtually all incidencesâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦(Display and explain visual aide using script) C. Women 17,000 cancers per year. 1. Cervix 2. Vagina 3. Vulva D. Men 11,000 cancers per year. 1. Penis 2. Young men are at increased risk because they often have more partners 3. Are at increased as they are not routinely screened for disease, and they may not have any symptoms of infection (Jones Cook, 2008). E. Cancers affecting both male and female: 1. Anus 2. Oropharynx: a) Causes up to 35% of all oropharyngeal cancers. b) These are most common on men. c) This is a new phenomenon and has been called ââ¬Å"epidemicâ⬠(Ramqvist and Dalianis, 2010). d) From 1998 to 2003, the incidence rates for HPV-associated cancers of the tonsils and tongue increased 3.0% per year, while non-HPV cancers of the mouth and throat decreased during this time (Ramqvist and Dalianis, 2010). IV. Vaccine effectiveness: A. Vaccination: 100% effective against infection with 6, 11, 16, and 18 if administered prior to exposure to the viruses (Dempsey Davis, 2006). B. Because the virus is so prevalent and intercourse is not needed for transmission, the best time to administer it is well before the average age of puberty (Gamble et al., 2010). V. Conclusion: In summary, because the vaccine is not mandatory, either parents or the physician must initiate the discussion ofShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Immunization Is A Source For Gathering Health Information944 Words à |à 4 Pageswhole picture. The circulation of information on the internet contributes to the array of controversy that surrounds human papillomavirus, the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the virus ââ¬Å"is so common that nearly all sexually active men and women get it at some point in their lives.â⬠Human papillomavirus, better known as simply HPV, has close to forty strains, which can lead to warts or the development of cancer. A studyRead MoreHPV: The Most Common Sexually Transmitted Infection Essay1539 Words à |à 7 PagesIntroduction The most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) is human papillomavirus (HPV) (CDC, 2013). Over half of sexually activity people will become infected with HPV at some point in their lifetime (National Cancer Institute, 2012). HPV can fall into two categories: low-risk HPV and high-risk HPV (National Cancer Institute, 2012). Low-risk HPV, also known as HPV types 6 and 11, cause about 90% of genital warts (National Cancer Institute, 2012). High-risk HPV, also known as HPV types 16Read MoreHuman Papillomavirus ( Hpv )1286 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroduction Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection with fourteen million new cases per year (Valentino Poronsky, 2016). These astronomical numbers make HPV ââ¬Å"the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection in the United Statesâ⬠(Valentino Poronsky, 2016). HPV infections have been associated with causing multiple cancers. In 2006, the first vaccine against HPV emerged, Gardisil. In 2009 a second vaccine was approved by the FDA, Cervavix (Valentino Poronsky, 2016). DespiteRead MoreHuman Papillomavirus ( Hpv )2168 Words à |à 9 PagesHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most sexually transmitted infections in the United States. It is a virus with many subtypes that cause diseases in both males and females ranging from warts to cervical cancer. There are more than one hundred types of human papillomavirus found, some ââ¬Å"high-riskâ⬠and some ââ¬Å"low-riskâ⬠, and one-third of those are spread through sexual contact. Though it can be easily spread it is just as easily preventable. With technology and health care becoming so modernizedRead MoreSupporting Rick Perry s Decision For Mandate The Hpv Vaccine1293 Words à |à 6 PagesSupporting Rick Perryââ¬â¢s Decision to Mandate the HPV Vaccine A child with smallpox suffers from painful blisters that cover his body. A person with tetanus endures involuntary body spasms that threaten to break bones. A woman with HPV clinches her eyes shut as she receives chemotherapy to treat the cancer that was caused by the virus. If you could prevent these scenarios from happening, would you? Governor Rick Perry sought to do just that, when he made Texas the first state to mandate that youngRead MoreHuman Papillomavirus Vaccine Controversy : Susan Le1707 Words à |à 7 Pages Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Controversy Susan Le California State University, Sacramento Abstract Human Papillomavirus is a highly contagious sexually transmitted disease that is believed to be the precursor of several cancers, especially cervical cancer. Researchers have developed a couple of vaccines believed to prevent several strains of the virus. Much controversy has surrounded the birth of this vaccine because law makers want to make the vaccine mandatory for school -aged childrenRead MoreWhat Are Hpv Vaccine?871 Words à |à 4 PagesHPV vaccine. In order to understand the uproar that followed, we must understand several aspects of the order. First, we need to understand what the HPV vaccine is. What is HPV, and how does it get transmitted? Second we need to understand what lobbying is, and how it can be applied to this case. Once we identify these important aspects, we can draw a conclusion about whether this political decision was genuinely for the citizenââ¬â¢s protection, or the governorââ¬â¢s wallet. HPV is short for Human PapillomavirusRead MoreThe Truth About Human Papillomavirus1082 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Truth about Human Papillomavirus (HPV) HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States and around the world (The Childrenââ¬â¢s Hospital of Philadelphia [CHP], 2009). Today, parents vaccinate their children because vaccinations are recommended by the childââ¬â¢s pediatrician and most importantly vaccinations are required for the children to attend school. When a new vaccine becomes available parents are becoming reluctant to get the vaccination for their child fearing negativeRead MoreHuman Papilloma Virus ( Hpv )1765 Words à |à 8 PagesTrust it or Trash it Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a virus that can cause both cervical cancer and/or genital warts. In most cases of HPV there are no symptoms and individuals are unaware that they have the virus (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], n.d.). It can be spread through vaginal, anal and oral intercourse and is the most common STI (CDC, n.d.). In 2006 a vaccine was approved to protect against the types of HPV associated with the majority of cervical cancer and genitalRead MoreThe Hpv Vaccination : Gender Role, Complications, And Body Ownership1757 Words à |à 8 PagesHochstein WST 3930 October 7, 2014 Panel 2 Essay The HPV Vaccination: Gender Role, Complications, and Body Ownership The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). There are over 100 types of HPV, but only 40 types affect the genital area and can cause genital warts and cervical cancer in women (ââ¬Å"Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccineâ⬠). In 2011 in the United States, 12,109 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer. Of those, 4,092 women died (ââ¬Å"Cervical Cancer Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-29621950054138737792020-05-05T21:53:00.001-07:002020-05-05T21:53:12.026-07:00Color and Painting Hans Thomas Die Quell Essay Example For Students Color and Painting: Hans Thomas Die Quell Essay The atmosphere of the museum was ere pleasant and comforting. The artwork that was most fascinating was called Die Quell (The Spring), made in about 1895. The artist of this painting was Hans Thomas who was a German artist from 1839-1924. The painting was part of The Burton G. Betting Gallery. The medium used for the painting was oil on canvas and it is in its original hand painted frame. Also the size of the painting is 44 h x 34 h in. (1 13. 03 x 87. 63 frame 56 ex. h x 2 in. (142. 88 x BOB. 11 x 5. B The artwork and the label were well lighted and easy to appreciate. The reason or choosing this piece of artwork was because of its relaxing colors, calming landscape, angelic surroundings. As you walk into the room, the vibrant colors stand out and make your focus go straight to that painting, In the painting, the scenery is very calming and relaxing. The woman and muse are playing calming music on a rock by a spring, Also the water flowing out of the spring contributes to the calming scenery. It relaxes the mind and the body at the same time. On the other hand, the two muse flying in the air by the woman give off an angelic surrounding to the whole painting. It kind of makes you feel as if you are in Heaven and in a wonderful paradise of relaxation. They also contribute to the calming scenery of this painting. The whole mythological theme of the painting is what intrigues people to this painting. The different styles of this painting are representational, naturalistic, and classic. It is representational because it represents the people Of that time period. Also it is naturalistic because there are a lot of trees, grass, rocks, and the spring. It shows a lot of earthy aspects to it from the trees, to the sky, to the woods area in the painting. Lastly the painting is classic because it is portraying objects of everyday, common life instead of something bizarre that no one sees in everyday life. It shows classic or original objects which make this painting that much more realistic. The major theme of this painting is mythological and symbolist subjects over the representation of observed reality seen in academic and impressionist painting. It is mythological because what are painted, are not of real life. This painting also includes many formal elements of art which include lines, color, hue, value, composition, suture, rhythm, and balance. For instance, there are many different kinds of lines represented in this painting, There are vertical, horizontal, and diagonal lines. They are represented by the division to the sky tromp the land, the trees, and the positions of the bodies, Also, this painting includes outlines, contour and cross-contour lines, and gesture lines. The composition does not include anything that are irrelevant. Furthermore, there is a variety of colors in this painting. For example, there are many earth tone colors such as browns, gold, lee, green, white, and coral These earth tone colors give Off calm, serene, and tranquil atmosphere. The different hues include blue, green, and the reddish color. The value ranges from bright, the Objects up close, to dark, being the background. In addition, this painting includes a lot of texture. This painting is well done, that you can see that there is a lot Of texture in the dress, the rocks, the trees and grass, and the water from the spring. Also the scenery is so realistic, that it feels as if you are in the painting and you can actually touch the eaves on the tree, the water from the spring, the baby angles, and the rocks. .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05 , .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05 .postImageUrl , .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05 , .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05:hover , .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05:visited , .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05:active { border:0!important; } .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05:active , .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05 .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6af16c974b07653fd30217dfb4d6bd05:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analysis on the Poem Sweethearts by Allen Branden EssayFurthermore, this artwork also has rhythm, a sense of continuance and a feeling of movement by the colors and the diagonal position of the bodies. There are many aspects that makes this artwork well balance. One is that there is balance between light to dark. For example, the figures are lighter than the background. Secondly, there is a good balance between large and small objects. The large and small objects are well spread out throughout this artwork, And lastly, there is a good color balance throughout the painting. Finally, the whole artwork has unity. Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-10635543356412208622020-04-16T19:46:00.001-07:002020-04-16T19:46:03.698-07:00Perspective on Conflicts and Disputes an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays byPerspective on Conflicts and Disputes Long before the rule of law and dispensed decisions that effectively dictated who is wrong and who is right, long before policies and procedures governed the way things were done, long before the principles with which we have to live by were set in stone, people used to rely on trust as the primordial and highly reliable standard by which order is maintained, and business is conducted. In this setting, sans a formal legal structure, ones reputation is a valued characteristic. Need essay sample on "Perspective on Conflicts and Disputes" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed In this particular structure, when relationships deteriorate, disagreements are settled either through violence --- the proverbial an eye for an eye --- or through the early biblical notion of justice as exemplified by King Solomons decision to settle who truly is the mother of the infant child. In earlier times, the leader of a group, clan, or tribe will be the judge, mediator, or arbitrator of any form of strife that may arise between and among members of the group. Clashes between members of different groups almost always resulted in violence. It was fairly basic then and formulaic: goods and even services were exchanged in fair value determined often by the contracting parties themselves. Fast forward a few centuries and a formal legal structure should have been established to reinforce the ideals of trust, equality, justice and fair dealing. Conflict is a social phenomenon arising from personal as well as group relations and interactions. Depending on ones perspective, it is both a deterrent and a facilitator of change and progress. In a civil society, reliance on a framework of order and governance has been instituted and enforced to limit the counterproductive effects that conflicts and disputes beget, if not its exacerbation, that can and may lead to the dissolution of relationships. Relationships between inpiduals are the glue that holds a society together. In the case of Albo and Jeder, it is an early symptomatic illustration of a burgeoning dispute between inpiduals and which can go deeper as far as splitting the clan itself. The very structure by which a civilized society restricts conflict or its effects thereof is founded on the concept of Justice. It can be said that conflict brought about the need for the concept of justice or in other words, the concept of justice may never have been as fully established or defined as it is today if not because of the conflicts that has beset human history. Justice comes in many terms --- fairness, moral rightness, etc. --- and comes in a multitude of forms. The legal definition of Justice is the proper administration of laws. (Black, 1990, p. 864) More precisely, In Jurisprudence, it is the constant and perpetual disposition of legal matters or disputes to render every man his due. (Black, 1990, p. 864) The role that justice plays in dealing with conflicts is that it presupposes a world of scarce resources in which people are pressing conflicting claims for the protection of competing interests. One of the functions of a theory of justice is to offer normative criteria for arbitrating between such conflicting claims. (Mautner, 1991, p. 103) Further, it is comprised of three major types: retributive justice, concerned with criteria for the punishment of wrongdoers; corrective justice, concerned with the protection of entitlements from injury or appropriation; and distributive justice, concerned with the distribution of scarce resources to competing claimants on the basis of criteria such as equality, desert, or need. (Mautner, 1991, p. 103) These types of justice are important in the resolution of conflict. In the US Constitution, the concept of justice is embedded in the Bill of Rights, particularly, the 1st amendment, to wit, No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. The essential elements of justice, especially in dealing with conflict involving persons, are due process --- which operates on the fairness of the creation and of the application of the law --- and equal protection --- which operates on the fairness of the treatment or rights accorded by the law to inpiduals. In the case of Albo and Jeder, there was a shift in the status quo when Jeder offered less of what was expected. The exercise of giving every man his due was perturbed. Conflict is the opposition of response (behavioral) tendencies, which may be within an inpidual or in different inpiduals. (Coombs is a normal product of persity in beliefs and values, differences in attitudes and perceptions, and competing socioeconomic and political interests among inpiduals, social classes, ethnic groups and states. (Rabie, 1994, p. 3) From these definitions, it can be derived that the backbone of conflict is social interaction. There are several types of conflict. However, one that is relevant to the Albo and Jeder case is the Type II conflict. In general, so long as the parties to a conflict want different things but seek a single option among the possibilities, one that is to hold for both of them, then the conflict is Type II. (Coombs & Avrunin, 1988, p. 68) A dissection of the Albo and Jeder case indicate that there is clearly an imbalance. The imbalance stemmed from Jeder giving Albo a portion of meat that is less than what Albo is giving to Jeder resulting in Albo offering less to the community and Jeder offering more. A rule of the clan of never rejecting any offering of food prevents Albo from repudiating Jeders insufficient contribution. The pertinent law of the clan, taken alone, can be perceived as tilted in Jeders favor and is somehow restricting the avenues of relief for Albo, that is, not accepting the inadequate portion. What are the options then for Albo? One possible solution, as mentioned in the case, was for Albo to match Jeders offer everytime they hunt separately. This would restore justice, as this would give every man his due. However, this may prove detrimental to the dynamics of the clan. Taking the premise of matching of offers a step further, what will happen then when Jeder decides not to give Albo any portion of his kill? The solution put forth above will still hold but it will not be good for the propagation of social interaction among the members of the clan. Albos proposed solution may create a sort of pisiveness among the clan members an Albo versus Jeder standoff. And when pisiveness creeps in, defection from the clan is not too far off. What alternative solutions are available to Albo then --- one that can mitigate the foreseen drawback of the first solution? Conflict resolution processes should emphasize reforming existing relationships through attitudinal, institutional, and structural changes as well as change in the laws that govern societal processes. (Rabie, 1994, p. 22) A remedy that will not eventually break down a group should be sought. Conflict resolution must aim to expedite the long and often dangerous path from strife to peace and harmony. The Israeli Palestinian conflict has transcended time, religion, and international community intervention among others. The proportion of meat in question is land. Albo and Jeder are the Israelis and the Palestinians. One is not willing to give the other a certain portion of what the former may have and what the latter may not have. Originating as potential conflicts (conflicts in the making), they go on to move through confrontation and contest into internecine violence involving army, paramilitary recruits and a civilian population voluntarily or compulsorily implicated. (Whittaker, 1999, p. 10) There are particularly three approaches to conflict resolution. They are negotiation, mediation by a third party and authorised intervention. (Whittaker, 1999, p. 4) Negotiation is oftentimes conducted by the parties involved themselves. When negotiation fails, mediation by a third party usually follows. Mediation is adopted when violence tends to spill over into neighbouring areas. (Whittaker, 1999, p. 4) Mediation is done usually by another state duly appointed or recommended by the two parties in conflict. The third option --- authorized intervention --- requires an enabling provision from a law giving the intervening body the power to resolve the issue. The body that is authorized to resolve conflict between and among nations is the United Nations. Moreover, Chapter VI of the Charter of the United Nations --- The Pacific Settlement of Disputes --- enables the UN to engage and take over matters that cannot be resolved by the nations in conflict. Three criteria have conventionally underpinned UN involvement in any internal crisis. Is an internal conflict becoming so dangerous that it constitutes a serious threat to international peace and security? Is the state in question willing and competent to deal with its internal conflict? Is there any feasible alternative to intervention by the UN? (Whittaker, 1999, p. 112) These criteria are weighed by the Security Council of the UN. The Security Council is a group of nations, elected by the UN members themselves and is the body that has the power to authorize remedial action. Before any action can be proposed and implemented, it is incumbent upon the Council that an appraisal which must be objective and not excited by the publics sense of frustration and futility at the scale of conflict and its violations is carefully carried out. (Whittaker, 1999, p. 112) The conflict between the Israelis and Palestinians are far from over. Stop gap measures are being proposed, and will continue to be proposed to contain the violence --- the primeval solution to conflicts --- for the meantime as the resolution process , or the peace process as it is called, is being ironed out. One of the resolutions put forth is the shared homeland model. (Rabie, 1994, p. 180) The shared homeland would meet the need to address the legitimate rights of national minorities to freedom and self-determination, while posing no threat to neighboring states or endangering the rights of other minorities to similar entitlements. In addition, it protects the rights and properties of inpiduals living outside their own ethnic homelands, while allowing them to peacefully and voluntarily relocate as they may wish. As such, it facilitates cultural homogenization by choice, not "ethnic cleansing" by force. (Rabie, 1994, p. 180) Moving towards a more harmonious societal relations therefore require looking beyond seeking merely a resolution to a conflict. Reconciliation between the parties must be sought. Reconciliation, in this context, can be defined as the process of promoting an integrated community consequent upon group and inpidual preparedness to make concessions for the sake of tolerance and civilized behavior. (Whittaker, 1999, p. 114) In achieving a societal nirvana, a series of push-and-pulls need to be undertaken. Oftentimes, the number of pulls outnumbers and outweighs the number of push. In the Albo and Jeder case, the approaches to resolve conflict mentioned --- negotiation, mediation by a third party, and authorized intervention --- can be applied. Albo can negotiate with Jeder to come to terms on the definite portion of their kill that they will give each other. They can seek the advice of the leader of their clan to mediate if they cannot agree on the portion and on the conditions of the agreement. Authorized intervention in this case would be the intervention exercised by an outside court, which should be within its jurisdiction to take on and adjudicate issues of this nature, to a sovereign, independent body such as Albos and Jeders clan. If the clans legal structure is found inadequate, Albo can bring his issue to the court which has jurisdiction over the matter. Conflicts essentially expose a certain nations legal vulnerabilities or inadequacies to address a particular concern. It therefore, although indirectly, assists in strengthening the legal framework and keeping it as robust as possible. Reconciliation will come in when the court which has proper jurisdiction over the matter has heard the issues, and have come down with a decision that is rooted in law. The case law, along with the ancillary laws that will be enacted pursuant to this matter, will then form part of the body of jurisprudence that hopefully, will prevent future conflicts of this nature as well as promulgate or facilitate a kind of healthy exchange of goods and services where parties are satisfied and more importantly, where their rights are adequately protected. References Avruch,K. Black, P.W. Scimecca, J.A. (1991). Conflict Resolution: Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Wesport, CT.: Praeger. Black, H. C. (1990). Blacks Law Dictionary 6th ed. St. Paul, MN.: West Publishing Co. Coombs, C. H. Avrunin, G.S. (1988). The Structure of Conflict. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Kober, A. (2002). Coalition Defection: The Dissolution of Arab Anti-Israeli Coalitions in War and Peace. Wesport, CT.: Praeger. Kollock, P. (1998). Social Dilemmas: The Anatomy of Cooperation. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 183. Mautner, M. (1991). The Eternal Triangles of the Law: Toward a theory of priorities in conflicts involving remote parties. Michigan Law Review, 90, 95 156. Rabie, M. (1994). Conflict Resolution and Ethnicity.Westport, CT.:Praeger. Whittaker, D.J. (1999). Conflict and Reconciliation in the Contemporary World. London: Routledge. Zartman, I. W. (Ed.). (1997). Governance as Conflict Management: Politics and Violence in West Africa. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution. Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-19813889994669802292020-03-13T11:04:00.001-07:002020-03-13T11:04:02.219-07:00Free Essays on Divine Images come preceded by the word "And". This makes the reader connect cruelty with terror and jealousy with secrecy. We can notice that the stress of the lines in this first stanza falls onto the main word, giving an emphasizing effect. Unlike many other Blake poems, such as "The Tyger" or "The Lamb" we Herrera 2 cannot find rhyming couplets in this stanza, but the rhyming and stressing effect is enough for the reader to tie the ideas together. This effect is strengthened by the repetition of the word "human" in every line and the repetition of the "y" ending sounds in lines one, two and four. The structure of the second stanza differs from the structure of the first one. We notice that each of the lines provide an "answer" in a "symmetrical" way to each one in the first stanza. This structure can also be found in "The Lamb". This gives the impression to the reader that the poem is a closed circle, ending were it started. On a deeper level, this way of structuring can represent the inflexibility and stiffness of these negative human aspects, like immovable objects buried deep inside human nature. We can see that the most outstanding rhythmical feature of this stanza is fore grounding. In fact, ... Free Essays on Divine Images Free Essays on Divine Images Rhythm an Rhyme In "A Divine Image", Blake uses several techniques and literary devices to transmit his thoughts about social injustice, cruelty, and human nature. Rhyme and rhythm are two of the main features in this poem. This poem is the rhythm; it affects the whole mood, tone and meaning of the poem. The poet has chosen different methods to give the poem specific sounds that affect the pace and structure of the rhythm. The structure of the first stanza helps us understand the relationships between the four aspects of human nature presented through cruelty, jealousy, terror and secrecy. The first and third lines start with the main word, while in the second and fourth words come preceded by the word "And". This makes the reader connect cruelty with terror and jealousy with secrecy. We can notice that the stress of the lines in this first stanza falls onto the main word, giving an emphasizing effect. Unlike many other Blake poems, such as "The Tyger" or "The Lamb" we Herrera 2 cannot find rhyming couplets in this stanza, but the rhyming and stressing effect is enough for the reader to tie the ideas together. This effect is strengthened by the repetition of the word "human" in every line and the repetition of the "y" ending sounds in lines one, two and four. The structure of the second stanza differs from the structure of the first one. We notice that each of the lines provide an "answer" in a "symmetrical" way to each one in the first stanza. This structure can also be found in "The Lamb". This gives the impression to the reader that the poem is a closed circle, ending were it started. On a deeper level, this way of structuring can represent the inflexibility and stiffness of these negative human aspects, like immovable objects buried deep inside human nature. We can see that the most outstanding rhythmical feature of this stanza is fore grounding. In fact, ... Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-19898274532828521112020-02-26T01:30:00.001-08:002020-02-26T01:30:02.909-08:00MARKETING PLAN (Lucozade Sport) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsMARKETING PLAN (Lucozade Sport) - Essay Example Whether on the gym or field or track the Lucozade sport aims to deliver right kind of fuel before exercise, during exercise and also after exercise. The Lucozade sport is proven to enhance the physical endurance and thus has been scientifically developed to contain carbohydrates, glucose, electrolytes, fluid which helps to fuel muscles and also maintain hydration. The Lucozade sport is therefore marketed to people who aim to pursue an active lifestyle and therefore has become the choice for footballers, athletes, runners and for people who loves sports, exercise and physical activity. Lucozade has been regarded as drink of choice for many people since its launch as unique isotonic sports drink. The product chosen is Lucozade Sport which is particular made for people who tends to maintain the same level of performance during exercise. It has been founded that just with 2% decrease in the body weight due to sweating can eventually lead to drop in the performance of athletes. The electr olytes in Lucozade sport thus replaces mineral and salt which gets lost during sweating and plays an essential role in the process of maintaining fluid balance. Lucozade is owned and controlled by GSK which is leading healthcare and pharmaceutical companies (Lucozade, 2011). Market analysis According to reports by Markets and Markets, there seems to be demand for sports as well as energy beverages as it is predicted to grow at a yearly growth rate of 10% till 2016. This growth is fuelled by increasing health awareness among consumers who are eager to combat fatigue with energy bossing drinks. The industry players are also diversifying the product portfolio with products such as diet drinks and also sugar free drinks targeting the female segment along with the health conscious consumers (ReportLinker, 2013). Customer Analysis As per data provided in Morgan database, the non alcoholic beverages market in New Zealand has undergone serious changes where the total consumption of non alco holic consumption amounted to about 95% and has varied in minor percentage such as total non-alcoholic consumption in 2011 showed 93.90% as compared to 95% in 2008 and 2010. Women are the largest customer for non alcoholic beverages as compared to men where total consumption of female was 6919 in 2010 and men amounted to 4201 in the same year. Further it was founded that the age group of 35 to 49 were the highest consumers of non alcoholic beverages followed by the age group of 50-64 with 2943 un weighted consumption. In the year 2011, the picture remained the same with women dominating the non alcoholic beverage market and highest consumption being in the age group of Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-3829142223233696162020-02-09T18:15:00.001-08:002020-02-09T18:15:02.937-08:001.Use an example of your choice to discuss how corporate restructuring Essay1.Use an example of your choice to discuss how corporate restructuring transformed market, productive and financial performance - Essay Example However it should also be noted that the excessively managed organization of the company was another reason that can be attributed to this chronic stage which led to the complete restructuring process (Denis and Kruse, 2000; Baek, Kang and Park, 2004; Bae, Kang and Kim, 2002). Given the fact that Caterpillar Inc realized consistent profits over the course of its operation, the internal issues that escalated within the organization itself were overlooked and the company started lagging behind in terms of gathering information regarding he external environment. Following this, Caterpillar Inc became completely out of touch from the market realities. Thereafter when the international economy came under recession, the flawed structure of the company was not able to mitigate the challenges of the external environment and consequently became an attractive target for many of its competitors. The arguments mentioned above will be set forth throughout the essay according to the following stru cture: In the beginning the insinuation of the market maturity for the company (Caterpillar Inc) will be determined through the Product Life Cycle theoretical framework. Thereafter, Michael Porterââ¬â¢s five forces analysis will be done in order to assess the level of competition that the company faces which might provide the researcher with a valuable insight about the forces that compelled the company to go through a complete restructuring phase. Following that an in-depth analysis of the companyââ¬â¢s original structure will be conducted in order to develop an understanding of the internal problems that weakened the companyââ¬â¢s opportunities to prosper. The restructuring process of the company will thereafter be studied in order to understand the impact of the process on the companyââ¬â¢s performance in terms of market, production, finance and efficiency. Finally a generalized conclusion will be provided Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-23147431655766475862020-01-30T11:27:00.001-08:002020-01-30T11:27:03.914-08:00Speed Quality in Apparent Motion Essay Example for Free Speed Quality in Apparent Motion Essay ABSTRACT Seven participants each viewed two flipbooks of slow and fast speeds of hand-drawn dots and stick figures. By counterbalancing the conditions, each participant watched the flipbooks according to the sequential order. After viewing either the slow or fast flipbooks, a questionnaire was used to collect and calculate raw data of the experience; which concerned realness, enjoy ability, smoothness, and speed quality. Hypothesizing how speed affects the quality of a flipbook supports Gestaltââ¬â¢s theory and dynamic case of apparent motion perceived. However, contradicting and compromising with the low-speed assumption and case first reported by Wallach. Introduction A popular and thorough explanation for brain and visual functioning, perception, and sensation is known as ââ¬ËGestalt Theory.ââ¬â¢ Gestalt theory explains that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Individual parts alone cannot conclude to be as great or effective as the whole entirely. This is important to recognize because a better understanding of why and how the world is viewed as a whole picture can be related to real world instances. Such as in motion pictures and in flipbooks, which helps to differentiate between perceiving apparent motion and actual, real motion. For instance, we involuntarily blink our eyes everyday, and although this is an action of real motion, apparent motion plays its part by filling in the blanks of blackness or darkness when blinking occurs. Furthermore, the theory then can translate to: the whole experience of sensation and perception is greater than the sum of individual parts of sensation and perception. The theories of Gestalt help to explain extraordinary circumstances and phenomenaââ¬â¢s of perception that are experienced in life, whether that may be visual or auditory illusions as well. In particular,à apparent motion is a more specific area of study in Gestalt theory which touches upon this psychological and perceptual experience. Apparent motion previously studied suggests that it ââ¬Å"may result when stationary stimuli are presented sequentially to different retinal locations. Apparent motion is inferred from information about change in position. (Green, 1983).â⬠The successive presentation elicits an impression of motion (Sato, 1989).â⬠ââ¬Å"The perception of motion depends on the integration of visual information over space and time.(Snowden, 1990).â⬠This information subsequently leads to the research question to pursue of: does speed effect the quality of apparent motion perceived in a flipbook? It may seem like a simple question to ask, but also factoring in a questionnaire, participant feelings, two flipbooks of with two speed settings of slow and fast, and different colored pages can lead to possible, unsuspecting findings about the phenomena of apparent motion; which has mostly been individually considered in previous studies. There has been many studies on dot patterns, biological factors, vision, sound perception, and real motion in relation to apparent motion. So, this experiment is quite different than the usual, although it may be as simple as using a flipbook and participants. However, previous studies helped strengthen the answers of the research question and hypothesis. Therefore, supporting studies reported by Gepshstein and Kubovy (2007) suggest that: for every speed, there ââ¬Å"exists a condition for which contrast sensitivity is maximal.â⬠They also found results that determined speed concludes the regime of motion; which can strengthen the hypothesis of speed effecting apparent motion being perceived. Method Participants. Seven participants from Connecticut participated in an independent research project concerning a class of psychological sensation and perception. There were four males and three females who had normal to corrected vision. Participants ranged from 21 to 52 years of age. Materials. Two hand drawn flipbooks were created by using bamboo paper and binder clips. A Likert rating scale was used as the method of answering questions. Design and Analysis. The experiment was a 2 (sequence: flipbook A and flipbook B or flipbook B and flipbook A) X 2(speed: fast or slow) design with four questions manipulated between subjects. There were twoà independent variables in this study, which were the flipbooks and the questions. The flipbooks had two levels of fast and slow; the fast flipbook (A) consisted of all the same colored paper and an image of a ball in different locations on the ascending pages. The slow flipbook (B) had different colored pages of paper on every other page, on every other page there was not any image drawn on it. This flipbook had a drawing of a stick figure walking and bumping into a wall. The dependent variable was the effect of speed quality through the obtained scores from participants from the questionnaire. Since there were not many participants available for this experiment, it was necessary to counterbalance the conditions. The first participant seen the fast flipbook first, then took the Likert scale questionnaire; secondly, the slow flipbook was shown to the first participant afterwards and then answering the questionnaire. The second participant was shown the slow flipbook first, then took the questionnaire, following that the fast flipbook was shown second and then the questionnaire was answered. The questionnaire was made up of four questions. This would continuously go on from participant to participant until the last, seventh participant. From these factors, a two-way, within-subjects ANOVA of within-subjects was the design Procedure Participants were seated at a table and were informed that they would be participating in an experiment and to answer all questions honestly. Then, the first flipbook was presented to the participant by the experimenter whom operated both of the flip books which accurately set the speeds. This happened continuously until the last participant. There were two trials of this experiment, which consisted of showing a fast flipbook (A) and slow flipbook (B). Upon completion of watching each flipbook, participants were questioned about their experience by using the Likert Scale rating. The responses were collected and recorded in Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS 20. The experiment lasted about 35 minutes. Results The main effect of flipbook responses for flipbook A (fast) had a mean of M=3.36. The responses for flipbook B (slow) had a mean of M=2.14 (see table 1 and figure 1). A two-way, within-subjects ANOVA illustrated that theà difference between the mean of flip book A and flipbook B was statistically significant; F(1,6)=12.892, p0.05. The error bars represent the standard error of means (SEM) and flipbook A SEM=0.31 and flipbook B SEM=0.51.The main effect of flipbook was significant due to speed manipulation. Flipbook A had the highest score of the two, which made it the fastest and flipbook B the slowest. The main effect of questions (see table 2 and figure 2) response for question 1 had a mean of M=2.43. Question 2 had a mean of M=2.57, question 3 had a mean of M=2.07, and question 4 had a mean of M=3.93. Based on a two-way, within-subjects ANOVA, the results showed the questions were a statistically significant factor of the experiment; F(3,18)=3.627, p0.05. However, the questions as well differed irrespective of speed quality (Q4A/B). This showed the differences among the four question conditions were impactful in determining other factors such as animation realness (Q1A/B), enjoyment (Q2A/B), and smoothness (Q3A/B). | Table 2: main effect of questions| | | | Q1 Mean| Q2 Mean| Q3 Mean| Q4 Mean| Mean| 2.43| 2.57| 2.07| 3.93| SD| 2.31| 1.87| 2.27| 2.13| SEM| 0.62| 0.50| 0.61| 0.57| The interaction effect between the flipbooks (shown in figure below) and the questions showed that in flipbook A the mean values for the questions were as the following: Question 1 mean M=2.57, question 2 mean M=1.71, question 3 mean M=4.14, question 4 mean M=5.00. In flipbook B the mean values for are as follows: Question 1 mean M=2.29, question 2 mean M=3.43, question 3 mean M=0.00, and question 4 mean M=2.86. This shows that the interaction between the flipbooks and questions were highly significant and falls on a boundary as reported by the two-way, within-subjects ANOVA; F(3,18)=8.144, p=0.001. However, the questions differed irrespective of the speed. The questions received different scores, however not too different to make it insignificant. It had nothing to do with the speed manipulation; rather it showed the differences among the four question conditions were impactful in determining other factors such as realness (Q1A/B), enjoyment (Q2A/B), and smoothness (Q3A/B). Q1 asked about the realness of the animations and they were perceived as real regarding both. The scores show that flipbook A was a little more real than flipbook B by a 0.28 difference of interaction. Q2 asked about the enjoyment of the flipbook and showed that flipbook B was more enjoyable than flipbook A by a 1.72 difference of interaction. Q3 showed that flipbook A was most smooth than flipbook B, and that flipbook B had no perceived smoothness. Q4 showed that speed mattered and affected the quality most in flipbook A, and flipbook B had the slowest speed of the two. The impact of experimental manipulation has shown to be significant between the two independent variables of flipbooks and questions. Discussion The hypothesis in question was to discover if speed affects the quality of apparent motion perceived in a flipbook through research and experimentation. Results indicate that the hypothesis was supported because speed did matter according to the findings. Gepshtein Kubovy (2007) indicated that motion was not always seen along the slower path. It was interesting to find out that the slower flipbook was determined to be most enjoyable in this experiment when interactions were looked at (see figure 3). In Gepshtein Kubovyââ¬â¢s study, they challenged Wallachââ¬â¢s previous study about low-speed assumption, which viewed low speed as prevailing when in competition with faster speeds. However, the results of their existing theory and experiments that challenged Wallachââ¬â¢s found that the ratio of two speeds were always less than unified. Which means motion was not always seen along the slower path. These results may be different because of altering procedures between the two studies, but the most currentà research conducted by them indicates what is most rationale when deterring speed effectiveness. In flipbook B, every other page was a different color. The pages that had different colors also did not have any drawings or images on them This was a technique used to find out more through speed manipulation. In a previous study, Giaschi and Anstis (1989) reported that ââ¬Å"apparent motion created by two spots illuminated in alternation looks faster when there is a dark temporal interval between the offset of one spot and the onset of the other than when spots are presented immediately after one another, even though the temporal frequency and spatial seperation spots are held constant.â⬠This helped to support the added feature of flipbook B, which had alternating, darker colored pages. This can be a potential reason as to why the flipbook was most enjoyable than the fast flipbook A; this finding can be a contributing factor for the real world because it can often be assumed that if things move fast (er), then it is better or more enjoyable. On the contrary, it can be more desirable for things to be slowed down, even if by a few seconds, so to give an audience more time to process and comprehend what is happening. It can also aid in exposing people to pay more attention to detail and to be more particular in such a fast paced society. Although slow motion may often be seen as less effective, this does not mean it is less important. Gephstein Kubovyââ¬â¢s study contrasted with Wallachââ¬â¢s theory, but Wallachââ¬â¢s findings occurred between the 1930ââ¬â¢s and 1970ââ¬â¢s, so in more earlier and previous times his participants may have been more accustomed to slower occurrences; compared to the 21st centuryââ¬â¢s faster moving conditions. Although the hypothesis was supported by the findings and other scholarly studies, it can as well be assumed that the results could be better and stronger if there were not any major limitations of the experiment. Limitations such as not having a not having the desired facilities and equipment; for instance, in a laboratory designated only for participants or equipment such as MRI machines to factor in brain functioning and perception. It would have also been nice to have more time to conduct this study over months or even years. The use of mathematical equations andà theories might have been important. Being able to have a wide range of participants would be of importance so to look at education level, gender, race, and age to see if those factors bring about any disadvantages, advantages, patterns and/or similarities. Having multiple speeds would have been interesting to add into the experiment. Taking into consideration the amount of pages and certain colors which could effect perception further. Lastly, having considered the son and mother used in the experiment would be interesting to learn if there is some sort of similarities and/or differences between parents and their children. In the future these can be improved so to come across more findings, unsuspecting conditions and/or disregarding current information for a more updated viewpoint. The experiment may have been effected by error, such as by participant misunderstanding or misleading answers that may have been more desirable than another. It may have been an error to counterbalance conditions and control the experiment in that way by manipulating speed and sequence of the flipbooks. There was not much mathematics involved so there were no errors of numbers and data, but the procedure as mentioned potentially could have been. Cumulatively, Gestaltââ¬â¢s theory ties all of this information in to help better understand why we perceive the way we do and how we perceive this, as mentioned in the Introduction. When we see the world as one entire picture rather than one individual part, it assists in humans having an overall pleasurable experience when viewing, perceiving, and sensing the world. Apparent motion strengthens our abilities to think fast and fill in all of the blanks necessary to cumulatively understand any myriad of circumstances. As mentioned in the Introduction, blinking can fill in the blanks that our visual system processes in order to elude an illusionary, motion picture so to view the world as a whole, and not by just parts. This is a concept important to understand and cherish when applied to daily lives because it can help to be appreciative that we view the world so concisely and promptly, when in reality it is not as fast paced as assumed. Concerning flipbook B (slow), it could be advantageous to notice individual parts leading to better comprehension, when noticing entireties. All in all,à there are interrelated factors which tie speed, space, time, apparent motion, real motion, perception, and sensation into many theories of Gestalt. One without the other would not be as effective as when all used wholly. References 1. Gepshtein, S., Kubovy, M. (2007). The lawful perception of apparent motion. Journal of Vision, 7(8), 1-15. 2. Giaschi, D., Anstis, S. (1989). The less you see it, the faster it moves: Shortening the ââ¬Å"on-timeâ⬠speeds up apparent motion, Vision Research, Volume 29, Issue 3. 3. Green, Marc. Inhibition and facilitation of apparent motion by real motion, Vision Research, Volume 23, Issue 9, 1983, Pages 861-865. 4. Sato, Takao. Reversed apparent motion with random dot patterns, Vision Research, Volume 29, Issue 12, 1989, Pages 1749-1758, ISSN 0042-6989, 10.1016/0042-6989(89)90157-0. 5. Snowden, R. J., Braddick, O., J. (1990) Differences in the processing of short-range apparent motion at small and large displacements, Vision Research, 1211-1222. Volume 30, Issue 8. Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-30257397743906679892020-01-22T07:51:00.001-08:002020-01-22T07:51:02.888-08:00Beneatha as a paradigm for African American Women in A Raisin in The SuIn Lorraine Hansberryââ¬â¢s 1959 play A Raisin in the Sun a number of social issues are both explicitly and subtly exemplified through out the characters experiences and relationships. Living in a cramped Chicago apartment, the Youngersââ¬â¢ display both influential goals and conflicting restraints. Beneatha Youngers is a controversial character; she complicates societyââ¬â¢s typical gender roles, introduces the wrestle between assimilation and ancestry of African-Americans, but specifically serves as a paradigm for her generation in the play. When Beneatha is first introduced in the play, we see her waking up on a regular morning; she is living under the same confined circumstances as the rest of the characters. Prior to Beneathaââ¬â¢s entrance, the audience observes Walter and Ruth over breakfast. Walter begins to complain about ââ¬Å"colored womenâ⬠through out the play his character continually spits out patriarchal and misogynistic comments, often targeted at Beneatha. As he finishes his negative complaints, Beneatha enters. The long character description molds her persona. She is illustrated not as pretty but her ââ¬Å"almost intellectual face has a handsomeness of its ownâ⬠(Hansberry, 35). This specific use of handsome portrays her character as a sharp and unfeminine. Hansberryââ¬â¢s word choice is extremely intentional as she connects Beneatha with masculine qualities, which inherently matches the stereotype of her feminist personality. The fact that her face is also described as intellectual imp lies that she carries an intelligent look in her features. ââ¬Å"Her speech is a mixture of many things; it is different from the rest of the familyââ¬â¢s insofar as education has permeated her sense of English- and perhaps the Midwest rather than the south has final... ...list, but she grows to adapt idealist thinking. Her presence in the play was symbolically targeted toward the audience. She is both inspiring and relatable to any audience. At the playââ¬â¢s end it is Beneathaââ¬â¢s character that voices her future plans, even after they successfully move to Clybourne Heights. She proves her goal fluidity by wanting to practice her medical career in Africa, blending her two passions. Beneatha Youngers is the influential prototype for a generation of people, which history has validated. Works Cited Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. New York: Random House, 1958. Print. 2) Wilkerson, Margaret B. "'A Raisin in the Sun': Anniversary of an American Classic." Theatre Journal Johns Hopkins University Press Vol. 38, No. 4.Theatre of Color (1986): 441-452. JSTOR. Web. 29 Mar. 2012. . Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-5144651042949005292020-01-14T04:14:00.001-08:002020-01-14T04:14:03.451-08:00Two RestaurantsFood That Tastes Wonderful Is it Olive Gardenââ¬â¢s friendly and hospitable service or is it the appetizing and blazing not entrees ll Foranioââ¬â¢s that reminds me of the Italian heritage? Before deciding which restaurant leaves my mouth watering for more, I compare and contrast between taste, service and cost must be considered. For me, choosing which restaurant to recommend to family members is as hard as cutting the perfect pink rose for a floral arrangement. The whole world would be a better place if you could choose a restaurant that always had food that tasted wonderful.At ll Fornaioââ¬â¢s, I feel like a chef in Italy has just prepared my meal. Their pasta melts in your mouth and is always accompanied by hearty and rich sauce. My eyes pop out of head when I see the delectable dessert tray. Then both carry a wide selection of freshly prepared desserts like creamy tiramisu. On the contrary, at Olive Garden, your dinner always comes with all you can eat salad and piping hot breadsticks. Yet, ll Fornaioââ¬â¢s you must order a salad separate from your entree.On the other hand, ll Fornaioââ¬â¢s offers its customers staple sourdough bread served with olive oil and balsamic vinegar spiced with herbs. Similarly, the salad at both restaurants are always fresh and is dressed with a tangy and light vinaigrette. In the same way, both restaurants offer their ravished customers a wide selection of beverages including sodas, teas and coffee to wet their whistles. Delicious, freshly prepared food is a must when I am spending a night out with friends or family. Service is something that I value highly when spending my hard earned money on a night out.The service at Olive Garden is a snail trying to win the mile run race. However, when I arrive at ll Fornaioââ¬â¢s I am seated almost immediately, whereas at Olive Garden, I have to sign a waiting list and they hand me a flashing disk. The servers at Olive Garden, in contrast, seem sometimes annoyed when I a sk for something like more water or an extra plate to share an item. Equally, both restaurants bring my meal in a timely manner. They both give me service with a smile like a sun shinning in the morning sky.Similarly, both places of business are more willing to trade my order if it is not to my satisfaction. If am not going to receive the service I deserve, I might as well walk right out of the establishment and not look back. Do you like throwing your money down the drain? If not, the maybe ll Fornaioââ¬â¢s is not the most cost effective restaurant for you. I often feel that money is flying out of my purse the minute I sit down at my table. On the other hand, ll Fornaioââ¬â¢s does offer more food for the price.An average bill at Olive Garden is about forty dollars, whereas at ll Fornaioââ¬â¢s the final bill can range from fifty to one hundred dollars based on your choice of entrees, appetizers, drinks and desserts. Unlike Fornaioââ¬â¢s, Olive Garden does offer specials on certain dishes at specific times of the year. In the same way, both restaurants offer drinks that are similar in price and that prices included refills. Also, Olive Garden and ll Fornaioââ¬â¢s both have appetizers that are around the same price for the same generous helping.Value is a huge factor in deciding which restaurant I would choose to refer a friend or family member. Yes, Olive Garden offers more food for the money, but the aroma and taste from ll Fornaioââ¬â¢s entrees are by far superior, not to mention the provide better service for the customer. Based on my evaluation of the two restaurants, I would have to choose ll Fornaioââ¬â¢s. Next time you are in the mood for true Italian cuisine, try Olive Garden and ll Fornaioââ¬â¢s, and then make the choice for yourself! ââ¬Ë Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-8506476499620066002020-01-06T00:37:00.001-08:002020-01-06T00:37:02.987-08:00Marx and Nietzsches Theories Essay - 3981 Words Marx and Nietzsches Theories Society is flawed. There are critical imbalances in it that cause much of humanity to suffer. In, the most interesting work from this past half-semester, The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx is reacting to this fact by describing his vision of a perfectly balanced society, a communist society. Simply put, a communist society is one where all property is held in common. No one person has more than the other, but rather everyone shares in the fruits of their labors. Marx is writing of this society because, he believes it to be the best form of society possible. He states that communism creates the correct balance between the needs of the individual and the needs of society. And furthermore thinks that sometimesâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This topic in itself can be broken down even further. First, the flaws with the current system in respect to the bourgeois and proletariat will be shown, which will reveal the problems in the relationship between individual and society. Secondly, the way that communism addresses these issues, and the rights of the individual, as seen through the manifesto, will be elaborated on in great detail. Quite clearly, Marx is concerned with the organization of society. He sees that the majority of society, more specifically, the proletariat, are living in sub-human conditions. Marx also sees that the bourgeoisie have a disproportionate amount of property and power, and because of that, they abuse it. He writes of how the current situation with the bourgeoisie and proletariat developed. The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. There has always been struggles the between two classes, an upper and lower class. However, Marx speaks of the current order saying, It [bourgeois] has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones. Our epoch, the epoch of the bourgeoisie, possesses, however, this distinctive feature: it has simplified the class antagonisms. Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat. The very nature ofShow MoreRelatedThe Differences Between The German Philosophers And Friedrich Nietzsche And Karl Marx960 Words à |à 4 PagesBoth of the German philosophers, Friedrich Nietzsche and Karl Marx, have spoken levels on the nature and purpose of human beings, however, the defining difference in their criticisms and teachings is the idea of where ââ¬Ëpowerââ¬â¢ comes from and what man is supposed to do with it. 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Speaking of his own work, Darwin suggested ââ¬Å"but we are dealing here with a different sort of thinking: a person striving to construct a new synthesis, a new way of looking at many problems, a new point of viewâ⬠(Galenson, 105). Comparatively, Albert Einsteinââ¬â¢s theory of relativity changed the way people thought Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-51532148907793595152019-12-28T20:59:00.001-08:002019-12-28T20:59:02.929-08:00Gender Determined Experiences of the Holocaust - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1654 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/26 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Holocaust Essay Did you like this example? The Holocaust had an underlying theme of gender, as it played a major role in this horrific event. The Holocaust is often seen as a story of men, whether an S.S officer, a doctor, or forced workmen. Often women are thought of less, and possibly pushed aside as a mother or wife. Although gender is fluid, the Nazis did not address this complex matter. At this time, the genders and the role men and women took on were very segregated. Gender determined experiences through power struggles, mental abuse, motherly roles, and sexual violence. When it came to gender and roles, men struggled because of the lack of power and lack of ability to fulfill their typical role of being the provider and protector. Men often experienced most of the physical harming, such as beatings. In the camps, men looked worse than [women] did, women could suffer more than a man, mens spirits were broken much more than [womens]but men may have endured harsher treatment from the guards. The men would also be publically humiliated. Old Jewish men were tied to carts, beaten, and mocked. This author clearly states that the men were the ones being beaten. Also, the power positions, such as Nazi guards and officers, were almost always men. This was difficult for middle and high class Jewish men, who were used to holding high positions. These beatings and acts of humiliation by Nazis were very distressing for men, especially because of the stigma of having to be strong and manly. This constant struggle for power took a toll on those who could not achiev e their usual accustomed role. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Gender Determined Experiences of the Holocaust" essay for you Create order Ghettos had Jewish Councils and Jewish police, which gave Jewish men a chance to express a form of power. As a councilman, one had to enforce Nazi orders and administer the daily affairs of the ghettos. Men were appointed based on their role before the war. Most often, the council would be made up of community leaders. The council had to distribute food, enforce social and cultural life, and create a sense of community. Often, the councilmen had to make difficult choices. For example, they had to come up with lists of people to be deported to death camps and concentration camps. If one could not perform his task on the council, he was killed and replaced. Many of these men had major internal struggles which caused them to commit suicide. Others attempted to negotiate with the Nazi rulers to save family and friends. Most members of the Jewish Councils were murdered, regardless or not if they carried out commands. The internal operations were left in the hands of the Jewish police, who worked under close supervision of the Germans. The policemens main job was to round up those on the list for deportation. This took a harsh mental toll on the men, considering they were sending their fellow prisoners to their death. Often, the Jewish police helped smuggle children out of the ghetto and get food and weapons in. This was very risky, and they were often caught. When discovered, they would face brutal torture, and usually were killed. Men in certain camps were also used as Sonderkommandos, a special unit of Jewish men who were forced to work within the gas chambers. Their primary job was to maintain order before their peers entered the gas chambers, remove the bodies after being gassed, and sort through them for personal belongings. Abraham Bomba, a worker in the Sonderkommando at Treblinka, stated that he took all of the clothes to big placessix and seven stories highand we had to put together cotton with cotton and silk with silk. Bomba also worked as a barber in the camp. He said that he had to cut off womens hair so they were not suspicious that they [were] going to be killed. This work was extremely beneficial for the Nazis, because it helped them conclude the killing process in a more efficient way. It was the Nazis intention to murder the Sonderkommando after a certain amount of time, so that there would be no witnesses left after the war. This process was very disturbing for the Jewish men in the Sonderkom mando. This form of labor was difficult both physically and mentally, and in the end, most did not survive. Rather than physical labor, womans hardship included mental, medical, and sexual abuse. Specified harm was typically seen in the all female prison camps, such as Ravensbruck. Upon arrival at Ravensbruck, Holocaust survivor Blanka Rothschild stated that the women were stripped of their clothes, and went to a medical examination[they] were humiliated at every moment. Rothschild recalled a violating and abusive gynecological exam. She suggested that the men in control used their power to humiliate the victims through forced nudity and aggressive sexual acts. She also stated that after the war, it was especially difficult for women who could not have children due to the harm and assaults performed by the Nazi doctors and guards. After the initial entry process, if one was clearly pregnant, they were sent straight to their death or taken to the Nazi doctors. Although a rare occurrence, if women fell pregnant while in the camps they would be physically beaten and most likely killed. To avoid these consequences, often the pregnant women would attempt to self abort, which sometimes severely harmed the women. Additionally, Nazi doctors would experiment on women through testing. In one instance, Ruth Elias entered the camps as a pregnant lady. She was chosen to be observed in a special unit throughout her pregnancy. Once she gave birth, Joseph Mengele directed the Polish midwife to put a bandage over [Elias] breasts, she must not feed the baby. [Mengele] want[ed] to see how long a baby [could] live without food. In the days following the birth of her child, Elias secretly fed the baby soft bread and soup, but it was not enough nourishment to keep her alive. A nurse brought Elias a syringe of morphine, because if t he baby died, Elias would be saved. The baby died hours later, and Elias was transported. This is only one example of the physical and mental effects the Nazi doctors had on the women prisoners. Another example, perhaps the most prevalent of all experiments was sterilization methods. These experiments would often result in permanent physical damage, or even death. Although women faced these harsh, unpredictable conditions in the concentration camps, they used their inherent coping and bonding skills to motivate each other to live. Compared to men, womens coping skills were more advanced. Women were typically seen as homemakers. Their values and roles were centered around being a mother, and a protector. Unique variables such as coping skills and bonding abilities gave women the strength needed to protect their families. Women often bonded over starvation. They would talk about food, and their favorite meals from home. Imagining the taste, sharing recipes, and creating menus helped women cope within the harsh conditions. This food talk, called cooking with the mouth, was a gendered form of nostalgia which helped women create a sense of community. Eva Oswalt, a survivor of Ravensbruck, wrote a cookbook that survived the Holocaust. Two recipes of apricot dumplings and a Hungarian omelette were written down. This was ironic because all of the ingredients in these dishes were difficult to find during the war. In the concentration camp, these recipes acted as a reminder of Evas past. Exchanging cookbooks and recipes were very comforting to women, and truly helped them survive. While many were bonding through gender, other women were being sexually targeted and abused based on their gender. Rape and sexual assault was prevalent, and often women thought it as a chance to ensure their loved ones survival. There [was] an emphasis on womens sexual and reproductive experiencesbecause they carried the next generation of Jews. Traumatic memories of torture, abuse, and rape were not usually documented, but have been discovered through the victims stories. On the other hand, many turned to sexual slavery, which was referred to as prostitution during the Holocaust, in hopes of achieving safety. Prostitutes found themselves faced with what Lawrence Langer termed a choiceless choice. Women exchanged sex for food, possessions, and safety. Jewish prostitution and rape by German soldiers was forbidden when camps and ghettos were established, but the soldiers continued to engaged in sexual relations. Sexual assault often occurred in the barracks, at labor sites, and in medical units. These forms of violence was done for to manifest power, as a form of gratification, and to display an a lternative form of anti-Semitism. Specifically, the Warsaw ghetto was known for prostitution and sexual assault. A document was found after the war that was addressed to Heinz Auerswald, a German SS officer and lawyer, stating that it is the poverty of the females, rather than the desire of the males, that leads to new prostituteswho want in this way to provide a livelihood for themselves and their relativesthrough sex, women and girls could gain a greater chance of survival. Other instances of sexual violence appeared in death camps. Jankiel Wiernik, a prominent figure in the Treblinka resistance, recalled seeing countless acts of sexual assault. He stated that the Ukrainian guards would select the most attractive Jewish girls, drag them into barracks, raped them, then brought them to the gas chambers. The role of women as a protector and nurturer, quickly developed into giving up themselves in hopes of survival. Men and womens experiences throughout the Holocaust were very different. Men were typically targeted through forced labor, which included both mental and physical abuse, whereas women were attacked for vulnerability through medicine and sexual assault. Ones gender definitely impacted his or her experience throughout the camps and ghettos, and it is important to acknowledge these differences, to ensure a more holistic understanding of this horrific event in history. Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-63113926316140558112019-12-20T16:47:00.001-08:002019-12-20T16:47:03.759-08:00The Assassination Of John Fitzgerald Kennedy - 873 Words The assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy, also known as JFK, is one of the most infamous and tragic events in American history. JFK was one of the United Statesââ¬â¢ most influential politicians, and in the year 1961 he was appointed to be president. Less than a thousand days later, JFK was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, by gunman Lee Harvey Oswald. JFK was beloved both by many Americans and those abroad, and thus his death came as a terrible shock to many across the globe. JFK was a great and stalwart individual - a man who stood apart from the general stock - and it is blatantly obvious to anyone with a brain that he did not deserve to be assassinated. In the month of November, on the twenty-second day and in the year of 1963, John F. Kennedy was assassinated. This tragic event came to be as JFK was touring through Dallas with his wife, despite warnings that many residents of Dallas and surrounding areas viewed his presidency with outright hostility. ââ¬Å"JFK seemed to rel ish the prospect of leaving Washington, getting out among the people and into the political fray.â⬠(JFK Library) Kennedyââ¬â¢s open-top limousine was forced to detour through a low-speed area and during this time the assassin struck. Shooting Kennedy twice, it was first to the neck, and then to the head. Kennedy died with the second blow. This horrid display occurred in front of Americans across the nation. Children were forced to watch as their hero and the man they idolized was reduced to little more than aShow MoreRelatedThe Assassination Of John Fitzgerald Kennedy1632 Words à |à 7 PagesMorgan Oates Professor Holland United States History II 3 March 2015 The Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy, formally known as JFK, was born on May 29th, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts. He successfully attended Choate Boarding School and his Alma Mater was Harvard University, After completing his education he decided he wanted to help society somehow. As a result of that, he enlisted in the United States Army the night before World War two began. After his Navy daysRead MoreThe Assassination Of John Fitzgerald Kennedy1719 Words à |à 7 Pagesdeath of John Fitzgerald Kennedy. On the day of November 22, 1963 the history of the United States was changed forever. This event was the assassination of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy and is one of the most interesting topics in American history because there are conspiracy theories surrounding the event despite no actual evidence behind a cover up of the assassination. Looking back on Kennedyââ¬â¢s and Oswaldââ¬â¢s (his killer) lives and deaths, the reasons why there was an assassination, and theRead MoreThe As sassination Of John Fitzgerald Kennedy Essay1556 Words à |à 7 Pagesyears is the assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy. Friday on November 22, 1963, the 35th President of the United States, JFK, was shot at 12:30 PM while traveling in Dallas, Texas to appear in the next presidential campaign. Thousands of Americans whom was present at Dallas, Texas just witness the murder of the United States president. Many Americans believed that the United States government was behind the JFK assassination. Thousands of important evidence about the JFK assassination has been lockedRead MoreThe Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy2042 Words à |à 9 Pages1963, John Fitzgerald Kennedy had five days tour in Taxes. He planned to make a speech in commercial business center in Dallas. President Kennedy was sitting in an open top limousine. The motorcade drove a very slow speed in the streets of Dallas. Many residents watched and welcomed John F. Kennedy and his wife. After making a turn in the main street, a sniper hided in the sixth floor window in the City Library, shot President Kennedy by two bullets, one on the head one on the neck. Kennedy was declaredRead MoreThe Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy1689 Words à |à 7 PagesIn 1961 John Fitzgerald Kennedy would be sworn in as the 35th President of the United States. He was a young, Catholic, democrat. Needless to say, many people were wary of whether or not his religion would influence his decision or if he would become an advocate for Catholic beliefs. Unlike many of the past Presidents, the first lady will play a major role for the duration Kennedy was President. Being the leader of the United States was very important and many precautions were required to keep theRead MoreThe Assassination Of John Fitzgerald Kennedy2088 Words à |à 9 PagesJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy was not the first US president to be murdered, three presidents before him had died after being shot by an assassin. They were Abraham Linco ln in 1865, James Garfield in 1881, and William McKinley in 1901. Kennedyââ¬â¢s death seemed particularly shocking because he was still young and seemed to have so much still to do as a President, there seemed to be no motive for his killing. The Kennedys came from Boston, Massachusetts. John was born 29th May 1917, the second of nine childrenRead MoreThe Assassination Of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy Assassination865 Words à |à 4 Pageswere not born, for one reason. The assassination of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy transpired in Dallas, Texas. His assassination became a topic of controversy as the idea of a lone sniper committing the act was hard to accept. The assassin would go on to die a few days later. Media outlets around the nation were in shock. The local Metroplex stations panicked like everyone else. As a native Texan, correction native Dallasite, I view the Kennedy assassination differently than most Americans. IRead MoreWas The Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy a Conspiracy?794 Words à |à 4 Pages Was The Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy a Conspiracy? On November 22nd, 1963 at 12:30 p.m in Dallas, Texas, one of the most horrific events in American History took place. The assassination of John F. Kennedy. Crowds were cheering as JFK was on a ten mile route that would pass through Dallas, Texas. John Kennedy was in the back seat of a 1961 four door Lincoln Continental convertible when this tragic event occurred. The driver took a left off of Main street passing by the Texas SchoolRead More Conspiracy Behind The Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy3295 Words à |à 14 Pages John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 46, President for 1,026 days, was assassinated on November 22, 1963 in Dallas Texas. He, his wife, Jackie, the Vice President and many others were in Dallas for a reelection campaign for the upcoming election in 1964 when the horrible incident happened. Sadly, there is no decent explanation of the assassination from the government ââ¬â The Warren Report is a 26 Volume Report that claims that Lee Harvey Oswald is the lone assassin ââ¬â I do not agree with this. The CIA wasRead MoreThe Assassination Of The War And Formation Of Civil Rights1550 Words à |à 7 Pages Political Assassination Danielle Ferreira U.S Government Date Introduction Political assassination is defined as the act of killing a political figure mainly for political reasons. In most cases, the motive behind political assassinations is beyond the person who is killed. Assassinations have been rampant across the globe for ages and these assassinations do cause lots of political instabilities in a country especially when key personalities such as heads of states are the victims Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-53016944635604650842019-12-12T13:18:00.001-08:002019-12-12T13:18:03.656-08:00Strategic Management Of Woolworths Samples â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management Of Woolworths. Answer: Introduction Strategic Managementis recognition and explanation of the strategies managers can take so as to attain improved performance and a competitive advantage for organization. An organization is said to be competitive if the average profitability is higher than all the companies. The key to gain success lies in the management. In such a highly competitive business environment it is themanagement that works well in coordination (Abbott Booth, 2014). Woolworths in 2015 went a significant structural change. Some of the subsidiary of the company was shut down due to poor performance. The report furnishes the approach in which the organization can manage the crises. The organization has reported a loss in 2015 in 10 years. Organization Overview Woolworths Limitedis anAustraliancompany providing with wideretailinterest all over Australia andNew Zealand. It is the second largest company by revenue in Australia. The organization is known as the second largest organization in New Zealand. In addition, Woolworths is providing with various retail facilities across Australia meeting out all the requirements of the retail sector. It holds a significant market position and performs efficiently by working in an effective way. Issue There is a rising market pressure that has forced companies to revolutionize the management structure. Woolworths is facing extreme pressure from its competitors due to a change in the retail market segment. Woolworths In the recent time has been facing too much market demands from its competitors: Cole, Mark Spenser etc (Defoe, 2013). It is evident to notice that the retail sector in Australia has employed a large number of people. The organization has been facing an extreme change in its share price due to huge loss. The company is following the cost cutting measures to build trust in consumers (Hyam and Ong, 2016). Recently the organization has to close some of its stores due to lack of income. They were powerless to manage their process into various segments. This caused a loss to the retail industry. Woolworth is failing to please customer. They are losing confidence in the brand. International low-cost brands like Aldi. Due to which the customers are switching to other brands to reassure their requirements. The change in the market requirements is affecting consumers buying behavior due to intervention from international brands like Costco and Aldi (Treadgold, 2015). Strategic intervention Strategic Intervention is related to extracting the majority of sensible and effectual forms of strategic act and communication commencing a range of disciplines. The aim of strategic intervention is to train by developing an extremely practical method for taking action. This allow in guaranteeing growth in a strategic way in order to get things done within an effective framework. Human needs are fulfilled and elevated based on the Need and opportunities available in the market in order to match up with the expectations. A strategic change is essential for an organization to survive (Anderson Anderson, 2010; Bolman Deal, 2013). This will help in reinforcing to get the maximum results (Rhodie, 2000). Woolworths understand the importance of retaining employees. Employees are an imperative asset an organization requirements to focus on its mission and objectives. It is essential to bring in attention of every individual over the instance in order to incorporate changes. The organization desires to offer its employees with the power to bring the change. Woolworths has understood the importance of creating short term goals for the long term survi val (Cameron and Green, 2004). It is only probable to gain sustainable results by working on persistent goals. Strategic implementation is an essential way to make a change lastingly in the organization. Woolworths has strategically adopted the policy in order to gain a persistent change. Woolworths has to develop an effective market strategy to bring support in the senior executive. Themanagement at Woolworths is losing faith in the organization. This is affecting the employees sustainability. Woolworths has announced a loss of $ 1.235 billion for the financial year 2016. Woolworths has incurred loss due to the failure of its brand (Master Business and Big W Business. Due to which they have registered the biggest loss in 20 years (Chung, 2016). Intervention in business is importance for building tough strategies that aim to develop an effective change in the organization. Business interventions are important for bringing a change in the organization. These interventions help in increasing the competence and ability of the organization. Technology intervention Woolworths has gained a competitive advantage by adding Technology. It is a way through which people come close to each other. In a competitive atmosphere, Technology development is an important process to gain success. Customers are typically inclined to the organizations that are technology upgraded. Woolworths has strategically upgraded the e-commerce technology in order to satisfy the objectives of customers (Ryall and Bramson, 2013). An organization technologically handicapped cant live in a long run. Market trends have revealed that a large number of sections are buying goods online (Liguori, 2012). Woolworths has upgraded its website in order to promote interest of the people. This allow in an easy flow of technology for achieve sustainable organizational goals. By adding technology with the organization it is possible to strengthen the capacity on a long run. By focusing over the sustainability and organizational potential it is possible to gain growth and effectiveness. By f ocusing over the growth it is possible to manage longevity and sustainability. Woolworths has understood that, Employees are an important asset an organization needs to focus on. It is essential to bring in attention of every individual over the instance in order to incorporate changes (Goolsby Reed, 2016). Human resource intervention In order to gain definite results, Woolworths has developed effective market strategies through social processes. This is allowing in gaining a competitive advantage by developing an effective market growth. This is making an effective market presence by organizing people behavior and motivating them to add onto the productivity. The change in the organizational structure has a long-lasting impact on the growth (Cameron Green, 2004; Low, 2016). For achieving usefulness It is extra significant to classify the efforts that are been organization member. A change in the organizational structure has affected the organizational growth. It is essential to appreciate the general dynamics of the organization. HR intervention is an obligatory step towards gaining effective results (Chung, 2016). Recently, Woolworths has reported a market turnaround, with the supermarket lifting analogous food sales by 4.5 per cent to $9.3 billion in the third quarter. Woolworths said overall customer satisfaction had improved and items-per-basket growth remained positive at 4.7 per cent (Chugh, 2017). Average prices declined by 2.5 per cent during the quarter, compared with 2.6 per cent in the previous quarter, largely driven by declines in general merchandise and grocery which offset higher fruit and vegetable prices. The Organization has gained a significant market share due to its effective market strategies. This has helped the organization in gaining effective market results (Chugh, 2017; Somasundaram, 2017). Recommendations and Conclusion It is recommended that the organization need to develop an effective market share by gaining an effective market share. The organization is able to make effective framework by adding the market advantage in order to develop sustainable results. There is a need t o implement a structured model instead of spending money on the sick unit. These units are causing a burden and hence affecting overall profits. Secondly it is necessary to develop a customer-centric approach. This approach will help in managing the goals. There are other brands in the market that are providing a sustainable growth in the market. This is only possible if the organization is able to compete against the other competitive brands. In order to grow in the market it is evident for the business organization to focus on arranging market capacity. Lastly, the strategic capacity of the organization is to focus on online services. The brand needs to develop an effective market growth by helping the customers in managing the sales. These strategic interventions are important to help the sick unit in order to gain sustainable market growth. Woolworths has to develop a strategic market growth structure helping them in restructuring. All these diagnosis tools will allow in gaining results by reviving the market competency. Strategic market growth and scope will help in arranging an effective market position. This will help in managing systematic growth through up-gradation of the system. References Abbott,H. Booth,H. (2014)Foundations for Operating Department Practice: Essential Theory for Practice.UK: McGraw-Hill Education Anderson,D. Anderson,L. (2010)Beyond Change Management: How to Achieve Breakthrough Results Through Conscious Change Leadership. USA: John Wiley Sons Bolman,L. . Deal,T. (2013)Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice, Leadership. USA:John Wiley Sons Cameron,E. Green,M.(2004) Making Sense of Change Management: A Complete Guide to the Models, Tools Techniques of Organizational Change. UK :Kogan Page Publishers Chugh,F.2017. Woolworths continues sales turnaround. [Online].Available from: https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/woolworths-continues-sales-turnaround/news-story/278f4a15fc1a57b7845fdddd094c6819 [Accessed on 22/08/17] Chung, F.(2016). Woolworths unveils $1.235 billion loss. [Online] Available from: https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/woolworths-unveils-1235-billion-loss/news-story/5a6cd1f33658f536b47d95b305c5bc67 [Accessed on 22/08/17] Defoe,D.2013.[Online].Availableat: https://www.psycholawlogy.com/2013/05/31/understing-organizations-using-the-four-frame-model-factories-or-machines-structure-family-human-resources-jungle-politics--theatres-temples-or-carnivals-symbols/ [Accessed on 22/08/17] Goolsby,Reed,(2016)[Online]Availableat:https://job.sagepub.com.ezproxy-b.deakin.edu.au/content/53/3/326.abstract [Accessed on 13/09/16] Hyam, R. and Ong.T. (2016).Woolworths reports almost $1 billion loss in half-year results [Online]. Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-26/Woolworthss-reports-almost-$1-billion-loss/7202004 (Accessed on: 22/08/17) Liguori, M., (2012) The Supremacy of the Sequence: Key Elements and Dimensions in the Process of Change. Organization Studies, 33(4), pp.507-539. Low, C.2016. [Online].Available from: https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/woolworths-slumps-to-1234-billion-loss-20160824-gr0dvl.html [Accessed on 22/08/17] Somasundaram, N.2017. There are glimpses of a Woolworths turnaround ahead of its half year results. [Online].Available from: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/there-are-glimpses-of-a-woolworths-turnaround-ahead-of-its-half-year-results-2017-2[Accessed on 22/08/17] Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-62697610495854781052019-12-05T00:08:00.001-08:002019-12-05T00:08:03.700-08:00The Time Machine Imaginative Journeys free essay sample Imaginative journeys are exciting and potentially dangerous. They can take you to exotic and mysterious places, where if you are perceptive, you can grow in maturity and wisdom. This is a true statement that can only be discussed fully with reference to The Time Machine. The imagined world in the text is placed into the future. It is a vision of a troubled future. A dystopia inhabited by Eloi and Morlocks. The Eloi are a beautiful, friendly and fragile race of small creatures. The Morlocks are a futuristic equivalent to our current day primates who live underground, away from the light. These races represent excitement and danger. The Eloi are extremely exciting despite their primitive behaviour. On the other hand, the Morlocks are very dangerous. They are aggressive and carnivorous who sometimes make a meal of an Eloi. The imaginative journey to this futurist world is nothing short of exotic or mysterious. We will write a custom essay sample on The Time Machine: Imaginative Journeys or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mystery is portrayed all throughout the text. The best example is of the White Sphinx. It represents a religious, pagan symbol. It tells the reader that things are not quite right. The futuristic world however is not exotic. The underground is full of darkness whilst above ground there is but ruins and large buildings that the Eloi inhabit. Time travel is the novel is portrayed as a mystery. The Time Traveller had no idea where he would end up in the future and throughout his journey, the futuristic world is still seen as a mystery. The end of the novella is seen as a cliff-hanger where he travels back in time. It delivers the mystery of what will happen to the Time Traveller on his second journey. The Time Traveller through his journey into the future was very perceptive and thus he grew in maturity and wisdom by the end. The dangers of the underground Morlock world are that of darkness. The Time Traveller was very perceptive as he knew the Morlocksââ¬â¢ hated the light and thus he lit matches so keep them away. He also was able to have a relationship with an Eloi, Weena. She followed him on his journey and helped him survive. You as the reader can also grow in maturity and wisdom through being perceptive of an imaginative journey. Imaginative texts can challenge our thinking and broaden our understanding but only through understanding the text can you really benefit. The Time Traveller is a brilliant example of an imaginative journey. It takes you on an exotic and mysterious adventure to the future. From reading this novella, you can grow in maturity and wisdom. Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-48967332749221450462019-11-28T08:44:00.001-08:002019-11-28T08:44:03.947-08:00Thats What Essay ExampleThats What Essay People will commit crimes or die 6. How do most . What conclusion can you draw from the fact that every new unnecessary. Com/ / what-conclusion-can-you-draw-from-the-fact-that-e When realized that, it was a real eureka moment for me; how you learn and apply martial arts is the same process as In music. After that, so many other things and Corporeal punishment, harsh scolding Cite some examples of the grim games played by the Puritan children. Fight with the Indians, scourging the Quakers, practice witch craft What was the first object pearl seemed to be aware of as an infant? The scarlet letter Hawthorne states the following paradox: How strange, Indeed! Man had marked this womans sin by a scarlet letter, which had such potent and disastrous efficacy that no human sympathy could reach her God, as a direct consequence of the sin which man thus punished, had given her a lovely should in heaven. Does the birth of a lovely child born out of an adulterous relationship prove that the strict puritan moral code is wrong? We will write a custom essay sample on Thats What specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thats What specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thats What specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Explain you answer. Yes, they are too strict. In describing the harsh disciplinary practices of the Puritan family, Hawthorne observed that these practices were enjoined by scriptural authority. He is referring o Provo. 13:24: he who spares his rod hates his son, but he who loves him takes care to chases him. Does Hester follow this practice of not sparing the rod? Do you think that Pearl would have been more obedient and docile If Hester had taken a different approach to discipline? No she does not punish Pearl. Pearl may have been different If she had been punished severely. Prison and a cemetery under whose footsteps was the rose-bush outside the prison supposed to have sprung up? Sainted Anne Hutchinson What kind of spectacle have the townspeople of Boston gathered to witness? The What is the significance of the scarlet letter A which is embroidered on Hester gown? Show that she was an adulteress prison and cemetery at once? People will commit crimes or die How do most of the townspeople regard Hester punishment as too severe, too lenient, or appropriate? Too lenient and that she should be hanged Do you agree that the harshest aspect of punishment by pillory was that it prevented the confined person from hiding his or her face? No, because the crime was not severe enough to merit humiliation Yes, because it was harsh enough to stop others room doing it again Hester thinks of her childhood home as she stands on the scaffold. What does this glimpse of her past suggest about her family background? They started off with money and her family became poor. She married someone with money and her husband sent here (America). Husband is older, he marries her. Hester first crime is married for the wrong reasons (money). Married for her (Hester) own self-gratification. Hawthorne says the Puritan townspeople were stern enough to look upon her (Hester) death, had that been the sentence but not fearless enough to mock and ridicule her. Do you agree that scornful mockery would be crueler than the attitudes Hawthorne describes here? Yes, it is like rubbing salt in the wound too be mean to her would be too much. To mock her would be to ruin her entire life. Chapter Ill The stranger who appears at the outskirt of the crowd while Hester stands on the scaffold is slightly deformed. In what way? One of his shoulders was higher than the other. He is a white man but he has native garb on. He is raggedy and old. What explanation does the stranger make to the townsman he speaks with that accounts for his combination of civilized and savage costume? He was captured by the Indians The townsman tells the stranger that the Judges have been lenient with Hester because of her youth because she is probably a widow. What was the severest possible penalty for adultery in the Massachusetts Colony? How long does Hester have to stand on the scaffold? How long must she wear the scarlet letter? She could have been sentenced to death. She has to stand on the stand for 3 hours. She has to wear the A for life. What seems to particularly disturb the stranger after he has learned of the sentence imposed on Hester? Why isnt the dad standing on the stand o? What clues to the identity of the stranger does Hawthorn provide in the first three paragraphs of Chapter Ill? Maybe he could be the father or Her missing husband. After hearing of Hester crime and punishment, the stranger vows that her lovers identity will be known. How important do you think this vow of his will be in the rest of the novel? It will be important because he made a vow and it is considered important. It will move the story forward. It will impose the conflict, the adventure, and the mystery. In what way, according to the reverend Timescale, can Hester alp her unknown lover atone for his sin? Telling everyone who he is How does the Reverend Wilson interpret the babys response to Dalliances entreaty? What significance do you think the babys response may have? The baby The reverend Timescale awaited the result of his appeal to Hester to reveal her lovers name leaning over the balcony, with his hand over his heart On hearing her refusal, he draws back With a long respiration. Why do you suppose he was holding his breath until he heard her answer? How would you describe what the young minister is probably feeling at this moment? Because he was nervous because he might say the name (that he is the father) Chapter IV Where is Roger Chlorinating, the stranger of Chapter Ill, to lodge while the authorities work out his ransom with the Indians? Prison What two kinds of experience equip Chlorinating to be a physician? His previous studies in alchemy (changing one thing to another) and what he has learned from the natives when he has been captured Why does Hester at first resist Clownishnesss attempts to give the baby medicine? That he was going to poison the baby. What promise does Chlorinating exact from Hester? That she wont tell the towns people that he is her husband. At what point are you certain that Chlorinating is Hester husband? Cite the passage that confirms your suspicions. They talk about their wedding day. Pages 24 and 25 Why does Chlorinating say that he seeks no vengeance against Hester? Because he knows that she is young and pretty and without a husband for years and she is already being punished. What do you think Chlorinating means when he says of the father of her child l shall read (the letter of infamy) on his heart? The lie will eat away at you. Your disposition changes At the end of the chapter, Chlorinating says, Not thy soul No not thin! Which words would he have emphasized as he said this? What do you think he means? He would emphasize the words thy and thin. He is after the fathers soul. Chapter V What reasons does Hawthorne give for Hester remaining in Boston, where she is an outcast? That is where the crime happened and she didnt want to run and hide. This is where she was from and where the father is from. Hawthorne mentions three main occasions for which the people of Boston made use of Hester sewing skill. Officials robes and funeral garb and christening gowns What does Hester do with any spare money she might have? Donates it to charity Hawthorne describes Hester as lonely and without a friend on earth who dared to show himself. Who might be one friend who shares not show himself? The secret lover The people of Boston are willing to hire Hester to make clothing for public ceremonies, funeral apparel, and baby linen but not bridal veils. Why do you suppose they make this exception? It is supposed to show purity and love and Hester is not pure. Describing how Hester is able to support herself and her child, Hawthorne says, She posses sed an art that sufficed O supply food for her thriving infant and herself. It was the art then, as now, almost the only one within a womans grasp needlework. What does he mean by the only (art) within a Hawthorne also makes this observation: Woman derive a pleasure, incomprehensible to the other sex, from delicate told of the needle. Do you agree that this is true now? Do you think it was true in Hawthorns day? Explain you answer. Sailors and physicians Explain whose human eye it is that Hawthorne is referring to in this passage: But sometimes, once in many days, or perchance in many moths, she felt an eye -a unman eye- upon the ignominious brand that seemed to give a momentary relief, as if half of her agony was shared. The next instant, back it all rushed again For in that brief interval, she had sinned anew. Had Hester sinned alone? In what way has Hester sinned anew? She doesnt reveal the father because she still loves him. Chapter VI How does Hester account for the aspects of Pearls character that trouble her? The stress that she had during the pregnancy How does Hawthorne characterize the disciplining of children in the early days of the Boston Colony? Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-89881824964891913002019-11-24T16:18:00.001-08:002019-11-24T16:18:03.345-08:00new imperialism essaysnew imperialism essays The extension of sovereignty and control was dormant in the west during most of the Middle Ages. It flourished during the age of exploration and discovery, particularly in America and parts of Asia. In the age of Metternich, with governments concentrating primarily on internal problems, a general decline in imperialism occurred. The new imperialism, revival of imperialism, took place during 1870-1914. Heavy demands for raw materials and a large surplus of European capital was brought about by the industrial revolution, which created economic depression in Europe and America. Major European countries required investment abroad due to the accumulation of capital. Nationalism was a huge factor in colonization; the concept survival of the fittest of the social Darwinism, the obligations of the white mans burden, and the political prestige in having colonies contributed to the spirit of nationalism. Military is another reason for the new imperialism. In each major country military organiz ation wielded great political power and emphasized the need of controlling strategic areas and establishing key military bases. The new imperialism differed from the classic imperialism; public opinion was considered important and people should be persuaded. Expansion (territorial ambition) and the public opinion were solid factors in advocating and giving birth to new imperialism; as a result, Europe and the United States faced unexpected mischief, wars, and further economic drain. To support the development of the industrial revolution, colonial possession was an essential. The goods produced were made hard to consume due to the economic depression in the major European countries and the United States of America. Imports from other nations were taxed to avoid more stress on the economic circumstances and to favor the national market. Foreign industries were enclosed and the exports dropped making the market available exclu... Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-9211709921700030502019-11-21T07:46:00.001-08:002019-11-21T07:46:10.224-08:00Spiritual Assessment Tools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsSpiritual Assessment Tools - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that spirituality is an aspect of life that is related to holistic nursing in terms of beliefs and behaviors. Dossey gave an understanding of spirituality as that broad concept which takes into account values, rationale and meaning; oneââ¬â¢s turns towards the human traits of personal sincerity, devotion, caring, understanding, empathy, and imagination; a graceful, dynamic poise allowing and creating body-mind-spirit restoration to health; and the existence of a quality of a higher authority, that guides mystical transcendence and personal spirit. On spirituality still, Pamela Reed adds to the definition that spirituality is entirely about expressions of developmental capacity for self-transcendence. Spirituality can be perceived as that very close affiliation that exists between an individual and a supreme being who is believed to be directing anyoneââ¬â¢s beliefs and practices during the life time. Spiritual Assessment carried out b y medical practitioners is the fundamental process of gathering, analyzing and synthesizing salient data to be used for appropriately planning nursing care into multidimensional formulations that are capable of providing the basis for action decisions on medical administration. From the perspective of a holistic approach, it is well established that spiritual assessment is an action taken with the assumption that spiritual wishes have dedicated influences on all other factors of an individualââ¬â¢s life.... Below are discussions of two of these Spiritual Assessments Tools, and their effectiveness in terms of timing and use effectiveness (LaRocca-Pitts M., 2008). a) FICA FICA is a spiritual historical tool that was created by Dr. Christine Puchalski together with Daniel Sulmasy, Joan Teno and Dale Mathews in 1996 with the view of providing means through which clinicians could efficiently integrate the open-ended investigative questions checking into a standardized medical history and that which could be applied by health care professionals. This technique identifies key elements that a physician or clinician may be in need of to determine any patientsââ¬â¢ spiritual belief in the medical settings. FICA, as a spiritual assessment tool, is based on four fundamental domains which are: the presence and recognitions of faith, belief, and their meaning to an individual; the importance of spirituality on oneââ¬â¢s life and the immense influence that the belief system or values have on the individualââ¬â¢s spiritual community; and the timeless interventions to address such spiritual needs. FICA is mostly used because of its effectiveness and comprehensiveness in assessing varied spiritual dimensions as may be based on existing correlations with spiritual indicators; especially in the view of spiritual activities, alterations in spirituality, positive life changes, purpose, and hopefulness. It is able to offer provisional frameworks for clinicians to initiate discussions about those aspects deemed meaningful to patients, i.e. families, work, and faith. FICA provides information things that are supportive to patients, i.e. spiritual communities; and also gives information concerning spiritual beliefs that most likely affects health care decision Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-86892983301711611462019-11-20T10:01:00.001-08:002019-11-20T10:01:07.317-08:00Research Methods for Business Students Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 wordsMethods for Business Students - Research Paper Example Moreover, some attempts at acquiring data from customers have resulted in unethical behavior, most of which are the prime target of customer privacy policies. Therefore, firms should decide the most efficient and effective approach to data mining without culminating in unethical or illegal practice (Tan, Steinbach and Kumar, 2006). Laws have changed to reduce the avenues available for data collection, mainly the policies that touch on the sensitive topic of customer privacy. Previously, firms collected customer data without limitations from various sources including online and offline customer surveys, customer records at their premises, phishing through websites and other sources (Monk and Wagner, 2006). This raised concerns because some unscrupulous firms handled customer data without due diligence; this compromised integrity of the data and exposed it to unauthorized access. Theft of personal information reduced the viability of the internet as a medium for business transactions; laws had to be passed to act as guidelines in order to correct this anomaly (Haughton et al., 2003: 305). Since these policies were implemented recently, many firms still have an unclear picture of how to use the data effectively within the confines of the new guidelines. This study will identify the best approach to take in line w ith the recent policy changes. Data mining is a management approach to customer relations and involves the short-term and long-term effects on a firmââ¬â¢s profitability. Instead of contacting all customers and potential customers with all offers for products, a business uses data mining in identifying customers who seem most likely to respond with positive action. Therefore, data mining would help the firm to make investments where and when they are likely to realize anin increased revenue (Liu, 2007). Various criteria are used to predict the potential of a venture, after which the customer is contacted with the offer directly Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-12285753478339226092019-11-18T02:24:00.001-08:002019-11-18T02:24:04.085-08:00Womens Roles Then and Now Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2Womens Roles Then and Now - Essay Example Later we returned to the US in 1788 where John Adams served as vice president and later as a president. Many people know me as a friendly and pleasant individual according to Gelles (1995). I always showed commitment to politics and federalism through the support I gave to my husband. A woman I would express my opinions both in private and public without any fear as I was a keen political observer, creative writer, and prominent first lady. Jane, can you tell us about your self as a woman of the 19th century? Jane Addams: I grew up in Cedarville, Illinois as a daughter of a wealthy man and a gracious and kind mother. I wished to pursue medicine but this brought a lot of controversy in MY family because they became worried that I might not get married. As a result, I was taken to Europe for two years so that I could not pressure my parents to allow me to get the degree. However this did not give me a fall down, I foresaw WWI IN 1915 in my attempts to prevent war by organizing the Womenââ¬â¢s Peace Party and the International Congress of Women.à In 1917 I was elected president of the Womenââ¬â¢s International League for Peace and Freedom. I am also a founding member of the American Civil Liberties Union and a charter member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored people according to Berson (2004). I was the founder of the Settlement House Movement. During the reign of President Franklin Roosevelt, I saw most of the issues I had advocated for being made policies. As a result, I received numerous awards including the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931. Jane Addams: Women of the 19th century experienced a lot and their choices in life were limited. For instance, women of the 19th century had no choice on career and most of them lived almost like slaves. Women were so depended on men because all the resources belonged to men. An unmarried woman was highly disrespected and attracted social condemnation and pity. Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1538780157789012375.post-52190477209778875762019-11-15T14:56:00.001-08:002019-11-15T14:56:10.624-08:00Domestic Abuse on Pregnant Womens HealthDomestic Abuse on Pregnant Womens Health Domestic abuse is a pervasive and preventable public health issue affecting many women around the globe with different race, ethnic, and socio-economic background. What is more devastating is the rate at which pregnant women are being abused. According to the literature, at least one in every five women is abused while pregnant. It is also indicated that these women experience life threatening maternal and fetal complications. The aim of this library research paper was to explore the effect of domestic abuse on pregnant womens health through an extensive review of secondary analysis of the literature. The paper also touched briefly on the ethical issues encountered by the healthcare professionals when dealing with an abused person. Domestic Abuse on Pregnant Womens Health Introduction The issue of violence against women, particularly against pregnant women is increasingly being recognized as an important and often devastating major health and social problem around the world with serious health consequences for the abused women and their children. Health care practitioners providing care to pregnant women need to consider how the experience of abuse in current or past intimate relationships could affect their clients health during pregnancy. Historical evidence indicates that there is a positive correlation between abused people and admittance to psychiatric institutions (March of Dimes, 2005). A high number of women if not all women who seek long term treatment from mental health institutions have histories of being abused previously. It is therefore, not surprising that in 1997, The Violence Prevention Task Force for the Region of Peel in Canada declared violence as the number one health hazard in the Region. Many of the studies and statistics which have been rev iewed from different literature support this declaration. For instance, a Canada-wide survey shows that 61% of women physically or sexually assaulted by their intimate male partners are injured in the attack (Solicitor General of Canada, 1997). Moreover, there is a belief that pregnancy is a joyous, and a period of complete and well-being in a womans life. A time of peace and safety, but unfortunately for most women this might not be the case. In an article by Hedin and Janson (2000), they mentioned that about 40% to 60% of women who are abused experience the abuse during pregnancy whilst 95% of those women abused during pregnancy were abused prior to getting pregnant. Throughout the literature, pregnancy is known to be a high risk period during which domestic abuse may start or escalate in situations where the women were already being abused prior to getting pregnant. Negative effects such as attempted or self induced abortions, therapeutic abortions, spontaneous miscarriages, and divorce or separation during pregnancy are closely linked with abuse. Other injuries reported by women due to domestic abuse are abrasions, contusions, lacerations and fractures. A Canadian study done in Newfoundland confirms the link between abuse and institutionalization of women in psychiatric setting. It proves that there is a high prevalence of woman abuse among psychiatric patients, reporting that 42% of the women currently being assaulted had been assaulted prior to their hospitalization (Carlisle, 2000). Another study indicates that the abuse of alcohol and prescription drugs is 3 to 5 times higher in women living in abusive relationships (Noel Yam, 1998). The gap between these studies is that they do not prove conclusive which act is the cause of what. Does the alcohol and prescription drug abuse cause the mental problem that result in mental institutionalizations, or is it the abuse that causes the alcohol and drug abuse, and subsequently, the mental health issues? One may argue that the issue of violence against women has been overblown and that the issue is private rather than public. The problem with this line of thinking is that theà health-related cost of violence against women in Canada is estimated at $1.6 billion dollars per year (Carlisle, 2000), and in the United States, an unbelievable $10 to $67 billion dollars a year in lost productivity, health care cost, and reduced family income. However, the actual cost involved with violence against women and their children is not adequately reflected by this amount. The high cost involved with dealing with the issue as well as the psychological, emotional and possibly, the physical cost the victims pay makes it an urgent social problem that demands vigorous and immediate attention. Therefore, it is our responsibility as citizens, and more especially as health care providers to help these women gain a greater quality of life by stopping abuse. As is most often the case, when a woman looks fo r help, her first contact is with a health care professional. Statement of Purpose The focus of this research paper is to conduct an in-depth literature review on the prevalence of domestic abuse, and identify the effects that domestic intimate partner or spousal abuse has on pregnant womens health. It will also outline some of the ethical issues concerning domestic violence that healthcare practitioners, specifically nurses may encounter when caring for abused pregnant women and how they can assess for abusive behaviours in pregnancy. In addition, the paper will provide the writer with additional scope and depth in this area and help in enhancing personal knowledge and skills as well as promoting professional creativity. Definition of Domestic Abuse According to the Public Health Agency of Canada, (PHAC), intimate partner violence or domestic abuse is not a single form of maltreatment. It comprises the entire collection of abusive behaviours such as sexual, emotional/psychological, financial, physical, and verbal when they are directed exclusively or mostly at the abusers spouse, mate, girlfriend, or boyfriend. Also for the purpose of this paper, domestic intimate partner abuse/violence is defined as any of the above mentioned behaviours experienced by women at the hands of their partners. Domestic abuse against women It is known that battering has cultural, social, economic and psychological roots. The unequal power between men and women relationship contributes heavily to the problem. In many different part of the world, domestic violence is firmly entrenched in the culture. At times violence against women is accepted by cultural and religious norms therefore, for men to use force on women is not considered an offense (Payne, 2006; Carcia-Moreno, Jansen, Ellsberg, Heise, Watts, 2006; Valladares, Pena, Persson, Hogberg, 2005). Women are traditionally in a position of being economically dependent on men. As a result, women have learned to be submissive, feel powerless, and respect the male dominance. The reported lifetime prevalence for abuse toward women is one in every three women in the world have been beaten, forced to have sex, or otherwise. There is still underreporting of this issue since battered women may be embarrassed about their situation because they feel that it reflects on their a bilities as a woman, wife and mother. The battered person expresses feeling anxious, depressed, and insecure and feels that she cannot live without the perpetrator (CDC, 1989). Sadly it was not until 1996 that the World Health Organization recognized domestic abuse or intimate partner violence as a public health and human rights issue. Violence against women has a long, dark past in both industrialized and non-industrialized part of the world. For example, once upon a time, the British common law allowed a male spouse to chastise his wife with any reasonable instrument (Frieze Browne, 1989). In North America, state laws and cultural practices supported a mans right to discipline his wife throughout the 1800s. It was not until 1895 that a woman can use the ground of domestic violence to divorce her husband. By 1994, the Violence against Women Act has been adopted and thus guided research of domestic abuse which generated social, legal and financial support for law enforcement and social services to protect battered women (Boyer, 2001). Violence by an intimate male partner against women manifests itself in the form of forced sexual intercourse, physical aggr ession, psychological maltreatment and controlling behaviours. Types of abuse Often times when we think domestic abuse the first thought is a woman has been beaten up by their partner. Not all domestic abuse actually results from a violent act. A woman does not need to be brutally beaten or bruised for us to suspect domestic abuse. An abusive behaviour can be in any form of the different abuse such as emotional or sometimes refer to as psychological, economic, physical and sexual. Review of both international and national literature suggests that between 10% and 52% of women experience or has experienced physical violence and 10% to 30% have suffered sexual abuse at the hands of the partner (Garcia-Moreno et al., 2006). Description of the types of abuse is provided. Physical abuse is defined as a deliberate application of force to a persons body (Statistics Canada, 2001, p. 11) which may result in a non-accidentally injury. Physically abusive behaviour can take many forms including hitting, slapping, pushing or anything that causes physical pain or discomfort. In the United States, an estimated 4 to 6 intimate relationships end up in physical violence each year and one in every three women would experience physical assault by an intimate partner in their adulthood. Also alarming is that 2 to 4 million of women in the U.S.A. per year are assaulted by an intimate partner (Newton, 2001). In the literature, it was reported by many women that the physical violence against them either began or escalated when they were pregnant or when their children were very young (Ulla Diez et al., 2009; Bostock, Plumpton, Pratt, 2009). This increase in abuse may be a result of the abuser having feelings of jealousy over the womans concern for another individual, e ven if it is an unborn or small child. Violence including physical abuse also affects both physical and mental well-being depending on how severe the attack or injuries were (Payne, 2006). Also economic and financial abuse is another form of domestic violence in which the abuser uses money to control his or her partner. A person is denied of financial mean when their partner refuse or when they are forbidden to work and if they are permitted to work, the abuser demands the abused individual to hand over their paychecks. This allows the abused partner to be dependent on the perpetrator for money. There are some economically abused women who are forced to beg their partner for everyday necessities such as food and/or health care. Furthermore many financial and economic abusers will put all of the family bills in their victims name in order to ruin their credit. Psychological abuse, also known as emotional abuse is another avenue for a batterer to use to assert power and control of the woman. According to Health Canada, there is no accepted universal definition of emotional abuse. This abusive behaviour is usually used to damage the persons sense of self-worth, perception, and independence. A person who is emotionally abused tends to experience verbal insults including name-calling, yelling, and threats and blaming. Social isolation and intimidation also consist of emotional abuse. What is more, emotional abuse may lead to physical violence. In the eyes of the public, emotional abuse may look less damaging to physical abuse due to the scars and bruises that physical abuse may leave. But despite it invisibility, emotional abuse cuts deep. To confirm, case-study interviews compiled by Statistics Canada with abused women suggest that for many women the cumulative impact of emotional abuse over a long period of time can equally be damaging as ph ysical violence (Statistics Canada, 2001). No abuse, physical, sexual, or financial happens without any element of emotional consequences. One Canadian study on abuse done with both College and University dating relationships revealed 81 percent of the male respondents admitted to emotionally abusing their female partners (Health Canada, 2006). In addition, sexual abuse is a pervasive form of violence against women. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), sexual abuse is any forced sexual contact, intimidation, and trafficking including unwanted sexual advances and harassment (2003). Research have show that sexual violence is associated with number of adverse mental health outcomes such as post traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety, eating disorder, drug and substance misuse, and suicidal behaviour (Payne, 2006; Galvani, 2007; Garcia-Moreno et al., 2006; Svavarsdottir Orlygsdottir, 2008). In her study Galvani (2007) determined that 40% to 80% of women who receiving treatment for substance abuse at a treatment centre have experienced domestic abuse some point in their life. Also based on a WHO report, one in four women may experience sexual violence by an intimate partner whereas the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence states between one-third and one-half of all battered women are raped by th eir partners at least once during their relationship. As high as 15% of women have experienced sexual abuse in their life time and fewer than 10% in the last 5 years have experienced sexual abuse. Whilst a multi-country standardized population-based survey by WHO report that between 15% and 71% of women were physically or sexually abused by their partner some point in their lives. However, numerical figures which represent all types of abuse against women underestimate the actual population experiencing it. Most women fails to report violent behaviour due to the shame, social stigma, and fear of repeated or escalation in abuse, as well as fear of material loss such as income. In other countries, women who report abusive behaviours tend to fear violence toward them from the authorities who are in place to protect them. A forced sexual activity even between intimate partners is still considered as violation of the persons human rights. Domestic abuse during pregnancy Violence against women by male partners and ex-partners is a persistent major public health problem resulting in injuries and other short and long term health consequences, such as mental illness and complications of pregnancy. Domestic abuse often happens when the woman becomes pregnant with the child. It often leaves the pregnant women engaging in harmful behaviors and practices correlating with poor pregnancy outcome. Various researchers have critically reviewed and completed analysis of studies that identify pregnant women at risk of intimate partner abuse. To my surprise, according to the Center for Disease Control, 4 to 8 percent of pregnant women (over 300,000) per year suffer abuse during pregnancy. Also, one Canadian study revealed that 6% to 8% of women had been abused while pregnant and 95% of them had experienced the abuse during the first trimester (Stat Canada, 2003). It is said that 40% to 45% of physical abused women are also forced to have sex (PHAC). It is estimated that 95% of the victims of domestic or intimate partner violence are women, and that two-thirds of all marriages will experience domestic violence at least once. Consequently, 4 million women a year are assaulted by their partners. Domestic violence is the number one cause of emergency room visits by women. The number one cause of womens injuries is abuse at home. This abuse happens more often than car accidents, mugging, and rape combined. Battering often occurs during pregnancy. One study found that 37% of pregnant women, across all class, race, and educational lines, was physically abused during pregnancy, and 60% of all battered women are beaten while they are pregnant. Interviews with pregnant women suggest that abuse during pregnancy is an important link between the well established overlap of intimate partner violence. Abuse in pregnancy can affect maternal health and infant birth weight. Most complications of pregnancy such as low weight gain, anemia, sexually transmitted infections, and first and second trimester bleeding are significantly higher for abused women (Saltzman, Johnson, Colley Gilbert, Goodwin, 2003; Martin et al., 2001; Kearney, Haggerty, Munro, Hawkins, 2003). When a pregnant woman is subjected to violence, it is certainly a threat to her own health, but it also puts the fetus at risk. A womans ability to protect herself and her unborn baby is limited by the abuser.à Abused women report alcohol and drug abuse, cigarette smoking, and insufficient nourishment. An analysis of articles written in this area demonstrated that the number of expectant women who are abused in a relationship is unknown and that the consequences range from physical injuries, emotional distress to maternal and fetal death. However, many of the literature identified pregnancy as a common risk factor for domestic violence, and estimate the prevalence rate of violence during pregnancy to be 0.9% to 28%. These studies also yielded information on various demographic and lifestyle variables that correlates with spousal abuse during pregnancy. For example, according to data (Espinosa, Osborne, 2002; Bostock et al., 2009; Garcia-Moreno et al., 2006; Valladares et al., 2005), younger women may be more at risk for abuse during pregnancy. The researchers found that young women may lack the life experience that could forewarn them of the seriousness of becoming involved with dangerous or violent individuals and may experience violence within a larger context related to their v ulnerability. As well as having an unplanned pregnancy. A population-based research confirms by indicating that women who had unplanned pregnancy were 2.5 times more likely to experience abuse than those who had planned their pregnancy (Whitehead Fanslow, 2005). Approximately about half of all these unplanned pregnancies in the US end up in termination. Parker, McFarlane, and Soeken (2000), found that 20.6% of teens reported abuse during pregnancy, in comparison to 14.2% of adult women based on a structured interviews of pregnant women ages 13 to 42. In addition, Persily and Abdulla, (2001), analyzed data from a pilot study conducted in rural part of West Virginia. In that study, pregnant women under 20 years old experienced domestic abuse at a shocking rate of 18.5%, compared to 9.4% for the pregnant women ages 20 to 29, and 4.4% for pregnant women 30 years and older. Furthermore, the relationship between alcohol uses, tobacco use and other substance abuse and domestic violence during pregnancy have been investigated. Persily and Abdulla noted there was a significant relationship between tobacco use and abuse but no significant difference were found between alcohol and illicit drug use and abuse of pregnant women. In contrast, Galvani, (2007), Parker et al, (2000), and Amaro, et al, (1998) found that more victims of domestic violence during pregnancy reported use of cigarettes, alcohol or other drugs than non-victims. The findings also suggested that abused pregnant women were significantly more likely to continue substance abuse during pregnancy. Another shocking finding was that, pregnant women who are in an abusive relationship tend to initiate prenatal care late in their pregnancy because of their partners controlling behaviour. McFarlane et al (1998) researched that abused women were almost twice as likely as non-abused women to begin prenatal care in the third trimester. Work by Persily and Abdulla (2001) showed that 38% of the women in their sample who were victims of domestic violence registered for prenatal class after 20 weeks of gestation, comparing to 23% of the women who were not abused. Moreover, majority of pregnant women experiencing domestic abuse simultaneously experience depression and anxiety (Collins, Thomas, 2004; Ulla Diez et al., 2009). According to Persily and Abdulla (2001), 83% of victims of domestic abuse during pregnancy report being depressed, and 89% report feeling anxious. Amaro and partners (1998) found that victims of domestic violence were more likely than non-abused pregnant women to be depressed during pregnancy, to feel less happy about being pregnant, and to have had a history of depression and attempted suicide. The question is: is it the abuse that results in the depression or the history of depression that manifest itself again at pregnancy? To combat and eliminate violence against women, especially expectant women, a variety of social support resources need to be available to women abused during pregnancy. In one Canadian study sample (Wathen, MacMillan, 2003), 8 of 109 women entering prenatal care who reported abuse shared a common source of social support. The eight women abused demonstrated a sole identification of non familial support people, whereas the remaining 101 non-abused women all identified family members as their source of support. In addition, Amaro et al (1998) reported an association between feeling a lack of support during pregnancy and higher rates of violence during pregnancy. Espinosa and colleague (2002) similarly states that women who were battered during pregnancy reported they had fewer people whom they could get together or discuss personal issues. However, in some international papers, women often felt that domestic abuse was a private family matter and should not be discussed. But based on the findings of Bostock et al., (2009), discussing relative safety from domestic abuse was dependent on whether there was empathy, understanding, shared experience, and effective help and protection offered by the support systems that were accessible to the abused victim. The implication is that, women who have contacts, such as, family, a close friend, legal, police, social and health services to contact stands a big chance of escaping abuse in their relationships; and that failing to recognize the unacceptability of violence against women were aspects of service that perpetuated abusive situations. It further indicates that, maybe it is the knowledge of not having anyone to cry unto that encourages men married to or in relationship with such women to abuse them. The information found highlighted that there is a need for further evaluation of domestic violence in pregnancy and related factors regarding the unequipped health, social and legal resources available to respond to women and domestic abuse. Moreover, there are gaps found on which limited or no research have been performed. First, studies of domestic violence during pregnancy using studies of population-based sampling of women and studies incorporating a variety of clinical settings are very limited. Secondly, more research is also needed on the best ways to assess for domestic violence and the ways in which its severity and chronicity can be assessed. As it is now, there is no study out there indicating how spread the phenomenon is and the long term effect that the abuse have on children born under these circumstances. No study has answered whether the abuse also stops after delivery or not. Further research about perpetrator-focused intervention is needed. The only tool we have now on dealing with perpetrators of domestic abuse is punishment. However, common sense dictates that this does not eliminate abuse. To combat it properly therefore, we need to have more researches into workable treatment for abusive men. These areas will be necessary to explore because it is an obligation for health care providers to consistently assess for domestic violence and to intervene appropriately when violent and abusive situations are acknowledged. Ethical consideration for health providers As part of their professional role, nurses, in their everyday lives make ethical decisions in their nursing practice. When dealing with domestic violence, nurses are bound to encounter ethical issues such as dilemma, distress, distributive justice, violation, and locus of authority. One of the greatest mysteries to many healthcare professionals attempting to help victims of violence from their intimate partners is the revolving door syndrome, which deals with the same victims who are admitted to care over and over again. The nurse may perceive this as an ethical dilemma, since the nurse may wish to break the cycle of the abuse but then the victim may not want any help. Their inability to fix the problem or what they perceive as womens failure to follow their advice and change their situation lead both the doctors and nurses feeling frustrated and powerless. The inherent frustration leads to comments such as you again? or Now, will you leave him, or Dont you get it? when victims arrive at the emergency department. The fact is, for all their good intentions, it is the professional caregivers who dont get it (McMurray, 2005). What they dont get is these women are not happy in the situation in which they find themselves; neither do they necessarily attract violent m en. They often just get caught up in a situation where they perceive that there is no way out. These women are often emotionally isolated and economically dependent on their abusers. The uncertainty of making it on their own outside of the marriage, and especially where children are involved, the fear of impoverishing or endangering the children forces the victims to stay in abusive relationships. As such, their main motivation is reducing the impact and frequency of the abuse rather than leaving the abuser (Bates Hancock, 2001; Lutenbacher, Cohen Mitzel, 2003). As a result, they become invested in the situation, and normalize it regardless of how difficult it becomes, even to the point of dismissing the threat of lethal violence (Nicolaidis, Curry, Ulrich et al, 2003). Carver (2003) a psychologist who has been trying to help victims out of this type of situation for over 30 years, describes this dilemma as a mix of the Stockholm Syndrome and cognitive dissonance. In addition to overcoming the dilemma, health care professionals working with an abused client may experience moral distress. The distress comes about when a person know the ethically appropriate action to take, but is unable to act upon it or when one acts in a manner contrary to their personal and professional values which undermines the persons integrity and authenticity (Redman, Fry, 2000). Moral distress can be a serious problem in nursing. It results in a significant physical and emotional stress, which contributes to nurses feelings of loss of integrity and dissatisfaction with their work environment. Studies demonstrate that moral distress is a major contributor to nurses leaving the work setting and profession. It affects relationships with patients and others as well and can affect the quality, quantity, and cost of nursing care (Redman, Fry, 2000). Further more, nurses may feel overwhelmed from the need to help in the case of domestic violence. However, they may be unable to follow their moral beliefs because of clients personal, cultural values, even societal or institutional restraints. For instance, for a pregnant woman in an abusive relationship, the right action to the health care worker is very obvious, yet the clients right to exercise autonomy and choice makes it impossible for the nurse to pursue the proper course of action without the victims consent. Another ethical issue that can occur in domestic abuse is distributive justice. According to Keatings and Smith, (2000), distributive justice is the proper distribution of both social benefits and burdens across society. Within the health care ethics, the relevant application of the principle focuses on distribution of goods and services. Unfortunately, there is a finite supply of goods and services, and it is impossible for all people to have everything they might want or need. According to Burkhardt and Nathaniel, (1998), one primary purpose of the governing systems is to formulate and implement policies about broad public health issues (example, domestic violence) that deals with fair and equitable allocation of inadequate resources. In 2002, the Ontario government announced its plans to spend more than $21 million to address domestic violence after the recommendation of the Hedley jury inquest in February 2002 (Cross, Ontario Women Justice Network, 2002, November). Evidently, in Ontario, the provincial government is trying to do something about this pervasive issue that have taken a toll in todays society, but the estimated cost of violence against women by the Middlesex-London Health Unit in 2000 was $4.2 billion annually ( Malone, 2005). Then clearly, the governments action is woefully inadequate and it needs to increase the funding if every domestic violence victim is to be catered for. Clinical decision-making and appropriate implementation of decisions in the clinical environment is an essential component of professional nursing practice. However, implementation of decisions requires a critical look into the distribution of authority in the environment. In domestic violence situations, the power in the house usually rests in the hands of the men. Breaking the cycle of violence therefore requires changing the dynamics of the power through education and interventions rather than any medical interventions. Also, although nurses have the clinical knowledge and desires to help their abused clients, however, the power of autonomy that the clients have makes it impossible for nurses to make decisions about victims without first consulting and getting their consent. This is very frustrating for nurses because no matter what they know and how much they want to help, they cannot do it if the victim says no. A factor influencing the nurse-physician relationship stems from the inequity in power relations between the two. Doctors exert direct power in the health care system, determining who will be admitted as well as the type of treatments to be performed. Nurses, although an essential component to the functioning of any health care organization and by far the most powerful group in terms of numbers, exert little authority in regard to initiating treatments for their clients. Nurses, because of their wholistic approach to health care tend to acknowledge that patients exist within social networks and that the relationships embedded in these networks are central to decision-making. As a result, nurses have a tendency to become concerned with the specifics of a situation and therefore, are slow to make decisions. On the other hand, doctors who are reductionist in nature are inclined to analyze problems, leaving details that nurses may believe are important out in their decision-making. Conse quently, they make decision with little or no collaboration, and based on little information about the client. For instance, because of their personal values and moral beliefs, nurses might believe abused women require more wholistic treatment whereas a physician might just treat the bruises. Furthermore, violence against women is a violation of human rights that cannot be justified by any political, religious, or cultural claim. A global culture of discrimination against women allows violence to occur daily and with impunity (Amnesty International, 2001). Domestic violence violates a womans right to physical integrity, to liberty, and all too often, to her right to life itself. These are universal human rights that every one everywhere is entitled to, simply by virtue of being human. Therefore, when states fail to take the basic steps needed to protect the basic human rights of women from domestic violence and allow these crimes to be committed with impunity, states are failing in their obligation to protect half of its citizens, namely women from torture. Conclusion Evidence through this library research indicates that, in some cases, domestic abuse perpetuated against women may be initiated when a wom Inge Redmonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13801324026833731983noreply@blogger.com0